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Period: 1300 to
Renaissance
Began in Italy, where a ton of famous artwork was made. -
Period: 1400 to
European Exploration
Started with Prince Henry the Navigator offering training in navigation and cartography in 1418 -
1418
Prince Henry of Portugal
His ships reached the Madeira Islands and established a colony at Porto Santo -
1439
Johannes Gutenberg
Invented the movable type printing press, allowing scripts to be mass produced. One of those products being the "Gutenberg Bible", -
Aug 3, 1492
Christopher Columbus
Led his ships out of the Spanish port of Palos. His goals was to sail west until he reached Asia, but instead, he found the Americas. -
1497
Vasco da Gama
Appointed to command and expedition which opened trade between Asia and Europe. He was the first to sail around the continent of Africa and Asia. -
1500
Nicolaus Copernicus
Composed the Heliocentric theory; that the sun is the center of the solar system. -
Period: 1501 to 1504
Michelangelo
Created the Statue of David and made lots of artwork during the renaissance. -
1503
Leonardo da Vinci
Painted the Mona Lisa during the renaissance -
1509
Desiderius Erasmus
Wrote the Praise of Folly -
Period: 1517 to
Reformation
Caused by people criticizing the catholic church. -
Oct 13, 1517
Martin Luther
Wrote the "95 Theses" and nailed them to the nearest church door for everyone to see. -
1519
Ferdinand Magellan
Headed out of Spain with five ships determined to discover a route to the Spice Islands. While on his voyage, he discovered what is now known as the "Strait of Magellan" and was the first European ti cross the Pacific Ocean. -
1521
Hernan Cortes
Defeated the Aztec Empire and claimed the land of Mexico for Spain. -
1532
Francisco Pizarro
Discovered the Incan Empire and conquered them. He stole their gold, silver, and other valuables. -
1534
Henry VIII
Established the Church of England and was able to go through six wives in his lifetime. -
1534
Jacques Cartier
Discovered the St. Lawrence River and allowed France to claim land that is now known as Canada. -
Aug 15, 1534
St. Ignatius de Loyola
Founded the Jesuits in Montemartre, Paris, France -
1543
Scientific Revolution
Caused by curiosity from the renaissance, making people question their old beliefs -
Period: Nov 17, 1558 to
Elizabeth I
Queen of England, Ireland, and Wales. After becoming queen, she restored the Church of England to relieve stress between England and France. -
Period: 1577 to 1580
Francis Drake
Circumnavigated the globe and helped defeat the Spanish Armada. -
Period: to
William Shakespeare
Made a significant contribution to English Literature by writing several world famous plays, such as "Romeo and Juliet" -
Miguel de Cervantes
Wrote the "Don Quixote". -
Period: to
Johannes Kepler
Discovered three major laws of planetary motion, developed his first two and then 10 years later, his third one. -
Galileo Galilei
Invented a telescope to discover four new moons circling Jupiter; Lo, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. -
William Harvey
Discovered the circulation of blood in the human body. -
Martin Luther
Leading french protestant reformer, helped popularize the belief in sovereignty of God, now known as "Calvinism". He wrote the "Doctrine of Predestination" during the renaissance period. -
Period: to
Charles I
Absolute monarch of England, Scotland, and Ireland -
Oliver Cromwell
Elected into parliament. During the English Civil War he served as general on parliament's side. -
Period: to
English Civil War
Started over conflicts and controversy between Roman Catholics and Protestants. -
Charles II
With a Scottish army, he invaded England but was defeated by Oliver Cromwell. -
Thomas Hobbes
Wrote a book called "Leviathan" and believed that people are naturally wicked and thought that they could bit be trusted to run the government. -
Louis XIV
Established absolute monarchy in France and brought a court to his palace, Versailles. -
Period: to
Isaac Newton
Developed his own theories of gravitation first, and then he composed his three laws of gravity. -
Peter the Great
Attempted to establish Russia as a great nation. -
Period: to
The Enlightenment
Caused by the Thirty Years War which lasted from 1618-1648, in which they wanted to "lighten up" the human intellect and culture from the "dark" Middle ages. -
Period: to
Glorious Revolution
replaced the reign of King James II with the joint monarchy of his daughter Mary II of England and her husband William III of England -
William and Mary
Overthrew King James II of England and became joint monarchs. -
John Locke
Wrote the "Two Treatises of Civil Government" -
Period: to
Frederick the Great
Ruled Prussia and greatly expanded their territory. -
Baron de Montesquieu
Thought it was most important to create separate branches of government with equal but different powers so no one part of the government could overpower, and in order to establish that, he wrote the Spirit of Laws. -
Period: to
Absolute Monarchies
King Louis XIV was the very first absolute monarch, ruling over France. Absolute Monarchy lasted until 1917 in Russia. -
Voltaire
Believed that people are born free and are corrupted by the government and wrote the "Candide" about his nephew who grew up in his castle and taught himself that the earth is the best world. -
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Believed popular sovereignty was the best form of government, and wrote the "Social Contract". -
Period: to
Louis XVI
The last king of France during the french revolution -
Period: to
Louis XVI
The last king of France during the French Revolution. -
French Revolution
The people of France overthrew the monarchy and created their own government, run by the people. -
Napoleon Bonaparte
Crowned himself Emperor in Notre Dame Cathedral. -
Period: to
Eugene Delacroix
French Renaissance painter famous for painting the "Liberty Leading the People" and "The Death of Sardanapalus"
