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Major Ethical Philosophies

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  • Period: 428 BCE to

    Idealism

    Considered the oldest philosophy of Western Culture. It refers to the world of mind and ideas. Leading proponents are Socrates, Plato, Augustine, Rene Descartes, Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Freidrich Hegel.
  • 426 BCE

    Plato

    Plato
    The Ancient Greek Philosopher Plato( 428-348 BC), student of the equally great philosopher Socrates. By almost any standard, Plato ranks among the greatest philosopher of the world Having been inspired by the field of Mathematics.
    He held the moral values are objective in the sense that they exist in a spirit-like realm beyond subjective human conventions.
    Plato shares the teaching of his master, Socrates, to make all virtue intellectual, a doctrine expressed in the formula virtue is knowledge.
  • Period: 382 BCE to

    Realism

    It is considered the antithesis of idealism, whereby "the Universe exists whether mind perceives it or not."
  • 381 BCE

    Aristotle

    Aristotle
    He was born in 384/3BC at Stageira in Thrace, and was the son of Nicomachus, a physician of Macedonian king, Amyntas.
    The ethics of Aristotle are teleological (from the Greek telos, which means "end"; he is concerned with action, not being right in itself irrespective of any consideration, but with action as conducive to man's good.
    He argued that virtues are good habits that acquire, which regulate our emotions.
  • 354

    Augustine

    Augustine
    St. Augustine's ethic has this in common with what one might call typical Greek ethic, that is, eudaemonistic in character, which propsed an end for human conduct, namely happiness is to be found only in God.
  • Period: 1224 to 1274

    Neo-theism

    This would date to the time of Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274), and is also known as theistic realism, God exists and can be known through faith and reason.
  • 1225

    Thomas Aquinas

    Thomas Aquinas
    An italian philosopher, theologian, and priest is sometimes called Prince of Scholastic. He wrote Summa Theologiae and Summa Contra Gentiles, among other works, and developed a systematic Christian Theology. He follows Aristotle in thinking that an act is good or bad depending on whether ir contributes or to deters us from our proper human end the telos or final goal at which all human action aims.

  • Immanuel Kant

    Immanuel Kant
    Kant was born at Konigsberg on April 22, 1724, the son of a saddler. Both as a child at home at the Collegium Friderician, where studied from 1732 unlit 1740.

  • Jeremy Bentham

    Jeremy Bentham
    He presented one of the earliest fully developed systems of utilitarianism.