main translation studies

jakobson's categories

1959

1 intralingual translation, or 'rewording': 'an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language';
2 interlingual translation, or 'translation proper': 'an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language';
3 intersemiotic translation, or 'transmutation': 'an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non-verbal sign systems').