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Pestalozzi
He believed in natural learning but added in informal instruction. Young children should not be expected to learn how to read on their own. Children learn best through sensory manipulative expierences. -
Rousseau
He believed that children should not have formal instruction instead they should learn by being themselves. Adult intervention should be as little as possible for young children. -
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Froebel
He believed children learn best through play where adult guidance and a planned environment is required. He was the first teacher to create a systematic curriculum for children that included objects and materials. Froebel invented the word Kindergarten. -
Reading Readiness
Teachers focused on developing the child's skills by nurturing them instead of waiting for them to mature to be able to read. -
Behaviorism- Skinner
Behaviorists believe we learn through conditioning or repetition. Skinner found that human learning required explicit instruction. This education theory requires structure, routines and practice. This theory has been viewed as not child friendly. -
Senses and Systems- Montessori
Montessori believed that children needed systematic training in order to master skills. -
Progressive Education- Dewey
Child-centered curriculum is another name for Progressive Education. Dewey believed in this type of education because the curriculum is created around what the children are interested in and they are able to learn through play in real life settings. -
Emergent Literacy
This exposes children to books early on so they can learn how to read from it being modeled by parents or teachers from a young age. -
Cognitive Development- Piaget
Describes the different stages of cognitive development depending on the Childs age. Ex: Sensorimotor period (0-2), Preoperational period (2-7), Concrete operational period (7-11), and Formal operations period (11-adult). -
Schema Acquisition- Vygotsky
His theory believes that children learn when they acquire new concepts which are known as schemas. This theory involves scaffolding as well. -
Phonics
This makes children focus on the sounds that make up the word. -
Balanced Comprehensive Approach
Teachers should know the social, emotional, physical and intellectual status of their students. -
National Reading Panel Report
This tested to see what key elements lead to literary success. The results concluded that phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, comprehension and fluency were crucial for a student to be a fluent reader by the end of third grade. -
No Child Left Behind
This program provided grant incentives for schools who improve literacy in grades K-3. The goal was to make every child a fluent reader by the end go 3rd grade to close the achievement gap between social classes. -
National Early Literacy Panel Report
Research that predicted the skills and abilities of young children from birth through age 5 in their achievement in reading. -
Common Core Standards
Goals set by the National Governors Association that attempt to ensure that at the end of K-12 students are prepared to enter college or the workforce. -
Reference
Morrow, L. M. (2020). Literacy Development in the Early Years: Helping Children Read and Write (9th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.