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100 BCE
epitafio de Seikilos
The Seikilos epitaph is an Ancient Greek inscription that preserves the oldest surviving complete musical composition, including musical notation. Commonly dated between the 1st and 2nd century AD, the inscription was found engraved on a pillar (stele) from the ancient Hellenistic town of Tralles (present-day Turkey) in 1883. -
Period: 476 to 1492
Middle Ages
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600
Canto gregoriano
The term Gregorian chant is a type of plainchant, simple, monodic and with music subject to the text used in the liturgy of the Catholic Church, although it is sometimes used in a broad sense or even as a synonym for plainchant. -
992
Guido de Arezzo
Guido of Arezzo was an Italian Benedictine monk and musical theorist who constitutes one of the central figures of the music of the Middle Ages along with Hucbaldo. -
1098
Hildegard von Biegen
Hildegard of Bingen, September 17, 1179) was a German holy Benedictine abbess and polymath, active as a composer, writer, philosopher, scientist, naturalist, physician, mystic, monastic leader and prophetess during the Middle Ages. -
1150
Léonin
Léonin or Magister Leoninuses, together with Perotín, the first known composer of polyphonic organum, related to the School of Notre Dame.
An anonymous English monk, known today by the name Anonymous IV, wrote a century after his death that Léonin was the best organum composer for the expansion of divine service. This is the only written reference we have of Léonin. -
1155
perotin
Perotín, called in French Pérotin le Grand ("the Great") or in Latin Magister Perotinus Magnus (also Perotinus Magnus and Magister Perotinus) was a medieval French composer, who was born in Paris between 1155 and 1160 and died around 1230. Considered the composer most important of the School of Notre Dame de Paris -
1217
Bernart de Ventadorn
Bernart de Ventadorn was a popular Provençal troubadour, composer and poet. He is probably the best-known troubadour of the style called trobar leu. -
1252
Alfonso X el sabio
Alfonso X was King of Castile, León and Galicia from 1 June 1252 until his death in 1284. During the election of 1257, a dissident faction chose him to be king of Germany on 1 April. He renounced his claim to Germany in 1275, and in creating an alliance with the Kingdom of England in 1254, his claim on the Duchy of Gascony as well -
1322
Ars antiqua
Ars antiqua, also called Ars veterum or Ars vetus, refers to the music of Europe of the late Middle Ages approximately between 1170 and 1310, covering the period of the Notre Dame School of polyphony and the years after. It includes the 12th and 13th centuries. This is followed by other periods in the history of medieval music called ars nova and ars subtilior. -
1325
Francesco Landini
Francesco Landini, also known by many names was an Italian composer, poet, organist, singer and instrument maker who was a central figure of the Trecento style in late Medieval music. One of the most revered composers of the second half of the 14th century, he was by far the most famous composer in Italy. -
1377
Guillaume de Machaut
Guillaume de Machaut was a French composer and poet who was the central figure of the ars nova style in late medieval music. His dominance of the genre is such that modern musicologists use his death to separate the ars nova from the subsequent ars subtilior movement.[1] Regarded as the most significant French composer and poet of the 14th century,[2][3] he is often seen as the century's leading European composer. -
1400
Ars Nova
Ars nova (from the Latin "new art") is an expression due to the theorist Philippe de Vitry that designates musical production, both French and Italian, after the last works of the ars antiqua until the predominance of the Burgundian school, which will occupy the first place in the musical panorama of the West in the 15th century -
1468
Juan del encina
Juan de Fermoselle, better known as Juan del Encina - in the current spelling of his name - or Juan del Enzina - in spelling of the time -, was a poet, musician and theatre author of the Spanish Renaissance at the time of the Catholic Monarchs -
1468
Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg, more known as Johannes Gutenberg or Johannes Gutemberg, was a German goldsmith, inventor of the modern printing press with mobile types, around 1450. -
1483
Martín lutero
Martin Luther, born Martin Luder, was an Augustinian theologian, philosopher and Catholic friar who started and promoted the Protestant Reformation in Germany and whose teachings inspired the theological and cultural doctrine called Lutheranism -
Period: 1492 to
Renaissance
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1500
Cristóbal de morales
Spanish Catholic priest and chapel master being the main representative of the Andalusian polyphonic school and one of the three greats, along with Tomás Luis de Victoria and Francisco Guerrero, of the Spanish polyphonic composition of the Renaissance. His music is vocal and sacred, with only a couple of exceptions. He is probably the best Spanish composer of the entire first half of the sixteenth century and his fame, which spread immediately throughout Europe -
1510
Antonio de Cabezón
He was a Spanish organist, harpist and composer of the Renaissance. He went blind as a child, an adverse circumstance that did not prevent him from having a brilliant musical career. He lived in Burgos. In Palencia he probably received teachings from García de Baeza, organist of the cathedral. -
1532
Orlando di Lasso
Orlando di Lasso, also known as Orlandus Lassus, Roland de Lassus, Roland Delattre or Orlande de Lassus was a Franco-Flemish composer of the late Renaissance. Along with Palestrina and Victoria, he is considered one of the most influential composers of the 16th century. -
1533
Andrea Gabriela
Andrea Gabrieli was an Italian composer and organist from the late Renaissance. Uncle of perhaps the most famous composer Giovanni Gabrieli, he was the first internationally renowned member of the Venetian School of Composers. He had a great influence on the diffusion of the Venetian style in both Italy and Germany. -
1544
Maddalena casulana
Maddalena Casulana was an Italian composer, lute performer and singer of the late Renaissance. She was the first female composer who had an entire exclusive volume of her printed and published music in the history of Western music -
1548
Tomás Luis de Victoria
Tomás Luis de Victoria was a Catholic priest, chapel master and famous polyphonist composer of the Spanish Renaissance. He has been considered one of the most relevant and advanced composers of his time, with an innovative style that announced the imminent Baroque. -
1557
Giovanni Gabriela
Giovanni Gabrieli was an Italian composer and organist, born and died in Venice. One of the most influential musicians of his time, he represents the culmination of the Venetian school, framing himself in the transition from Renaissance music to Baroque music -
1566
Carlo Gesualdo
Carlo Gesualdo, prince of Venosa and count of Conza, was an Italian composer, one of the most significant figures of late Renaissance music with intensely expressive madrigals and pieces of sacred music with a chromaticism that will not be heard again until the end of the nineteenth century. -
1567
Claudio Monteverdi
Claudio Monteverdi, whose full name was Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi, was an Italian composer, viola-gambist, singer, choirmaster and priest. -
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina was an Italian Renaissance composer of sacred music and the best known representative of the Roman School of Musical Composition of the 16th century -
Period: to
Baroque
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Giacomo Carissimi
Giacomo Carissimi was one of the most eminent Italian composers of the early Baroque and one of the main representatives of the Roman School. He was born in Marino, near Rome, in 1604 or 1605. -
Barbara Strozzi
Barbara Strozzi, also called Barbara Valle, was an Italian Baroque singer and composer. During his lifetime, he published eight volumes of his own music and had more secular music printed than any other composer of the time. -
Antonio Stradivari
Antonio Stradivari fue el más prominente lutier italiano. La forma latina de su apellido, Stradivarius, se utiliza para referirse a sus instrumentos. -
Antonio Vivaldi
Antonio Vivaldi was a Venetian Baroque composer, violinist, businessman, professor and Catholic priest. He was nicknamed Il prete rosso for being a priest and redheadt -
Georg Philipp Telemann
Georg Philipp Telemann was a German Baroque composer, although his work also had characteristics from the beginnings of classicism. He is considered the most prolific composer in the history of music. Self-taught in music, he studied law at the University of Leipzig. -
Johann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer, musician, conductor, chapel master, singer and teacher of the Baroque period. He was the most important member of one of the most outstanding families of musicians in history, with more than 35 famous composers: the Bach family. -
Georg Friedrich Händel
Georg Friedrich Händel; in English George Frideric Handel was a German composer, later nationalised English, considered one of the top figures in the history of music, especially Baroque, and one of the most influential composers of Western and universal music. -
Henry Purcell
Henry Purcell was an English Baroque composer. Considered one of the best English composers of all time, he incorporated French and Italian stylistic elements into his music, generating his own English style of baroque music