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Earlier detections and investigating
A conference Dr. Burgdorfer recallled he attended where attendees discussed a little supported threory on Idodidae- the family of hard ticks- spreading spirochetes and causing a European skin disorder.
http://tcf.bh.cornell.edu/users/jdelaet/4_4_07_7/oeploa520/nDSC_6543.JPG -
First Detected
Lyme disease was first recognized after reasearchers investigated why unusually large numbers of children were being diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in Lyme Connecticut and two neighboring towns. http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/lymedisease/research/pages/cause.aspx -
Symptons
Erythma Migrans- the rash wich occurs in 70% of cases and starts as a small red spot that expands forming a circular rash.
Arthritus- After weeks of being infected approximately 60% of those people not treated with antibiotics develop recurrent attacks of painful swollen joints that last day to months.
http://www.faim.org/images/lymediseasebullseyerashcdc.jpg -
Symptoms Cont.
Neurological symptoms- Lyme disease can also affect the nervous system causing sumptoms such as stiff neck and severe headache, temporary paralysis of facial muscles, and numbness.
Heart Problems- fewer than onw out of 10 patients develops heart problems such as irregular or slow heart beat. -
Transmission
Considering several possibilites like exposure to airborne and waterborne microbes, researchrs focused thier attention on deer ticks. Invesitagotrs soon realized that most of the affected children lived and played near wooded areas. They also knew that the children's first symptons typically started during summer (height of the tick season). -
Ticks that Cause Lyme Disease
Two types of black legged ticks were detected as responsible for transmitting Lyme Disease through the U.S. Ixodes scapularis is most commonly found in the U.S. Northeast and Midwest, and can also be found in the south, Ixodes pacificus is found on the West Coast of the U.S.
http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/lymedisease/understanding/pages/intro.aspx -
Experiments
Dr. Burgdorfer assisted by a colleague, Alan Barbour, grew spirochetes (burgdorfer disease) in a test tube using tissue from four of the infected deer ticks he had disected. This was successful and found the cause of Lyme disease and European skin disorder.
http://usbiologic.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Yale-Lyme-Disease-Map-2012.jpg -
Bacterium that causes Lyme Disease discovered
Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium that causes Lyme disease was first isolated by Willy Burgdorfer, a zoologist and microbiologist.
https://www.google.com/search?q=borrelia+burgdorferi&espv=2&biw=710&bih=735&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=k1tSVMevOYOhyQSq_oLADQ&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=Ey1uZjzvUWgRzM%253A%3BMXmuL8-qsmLjnM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fupload.wikimedia.org%252Fwikipedia%252Fcommons%252Ff%252Ff3%252FBorrelia_burgdorferi_(CDC-PHIL_-6631)_lores.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fen.wikip -
Edition of Science
For Dr. Burgdorfer the Lyme causing spirochete was named after him: Borrelia durgdorferi.
http://www.lymediagnostic.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/5-Willy-Burgdorfer.jpg -
Lyme Disease Foundation
The Lyme Disease Association began as an informal group formed by several doctors and patients who saw the need to organize and fund research and educate people about Lyme Disease
http://www.lymediseaseassociation.org/ -
Other Prevention
Wearing long pants and long sleeves in wooded areas. Apply an insect repellent with a 20% or higher concentrationof DEET to your skin. Dont assume you're immune if you get it once you can get it again.
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lyme-disease/basics/treatment/con-20019701 -
Treatment and Prevention
A line of vaccinations were taken off the market on this date and stronger antibiotics were developed. Oral antibiotics is the standard treatment that usually includes doxycycline for adults and children older than 8. Amoxicillin or cefuroxime for adults, younger children, and pregnant women.
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lyme-disease/basics/treatment/con-20019701 -
Ranked 7th leading diseases
each year about 20,000 new cases are reported and is most commen in northeast and upper midwest states, but has been reported in every U.S. state.
http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/history-lyme-disease-vaccine -
Rapid Growth
The C.D.C. reposrted thirty eight thousand cases, three times more than in 1991.
http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/07/01/the-lyme-wars -
Video about Lyme Disease
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