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Birth
Herro Werld!(: -
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Infancy
The First Stage of Life Following Birth.
This stage lasts until approximately age two. -
Trust vs. Mistrust
Around six months after birth, a child will begin to explore its world and question the reliability of their surroundings. The main question posed in their minds is "Is my world safe and reliable?" -
Piaget's First Stage
Stage 1 (0-2): Sensorimotor- the infant explores their world through touch. They develop Object Permanence and Seperation Anxiety. -
Birth Reflexes Disappear
Throughout infancy, the reflexes we are naturally born with begin to disappear. Included in these reflexes are:
1. The Rooting Reflex- the reflex when the face is touched the baby will turn his/her head to suck (approx. four months)
2. The Grasping Reflex- the reflex that deals with a baby's ability to grab something in its palm (approx. 3 mo. to one year)
3. The Babinski Reflex- the reflex that causes a baby to push when its feet are tickled (approx. two years) -
Psychosexual Oral stage
According to Freud, a baby will explore their world using pleasure sensors in their mouth. Their entire perception is based on how something feels and whether or not they get pleasure from it. -
Piaget's Second Stage
Stage 2 (2-6): Preoperational- a child will use symbols and language to express needs and identify objects but no logical thought develops. Egocentrism develops in this stage. -
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Childhood
This stage begins around age two and ends around age twelve. -
Psychosexual Anal Stage
In this stage, a child will learn to curb their freedom and better control their body. A child should be learning to be potty trained at this point, and that is their first introduction into how the world will work for them as they grow. -
Autonomy vs. Shame
A young child will question themselves based on their abilities to care for themselves. They will ask themselves, "Can I do it myself?" and explore their world based on their question. -
Psychosexual Phalic Stage
In this stage, the opposite sex becomes attractive to us. A child may begin to develop pleasure through their genitals. In addition, they feel more attatched to the parent of the opposite sex for sometime. -
Initiative vs. Guilt
A young child will attempt to discover who they are in the world. They will see if they are good or bad and who they want to be vs. who they currently are. Developmental errors in this stage may lead to problems with regret later in life . -
Piaget's Third Stage
Stage 3 (6-12): Concrete Operational- a child will learn to think logically and begin learning useful skills. They will begin to understand conservation. -
Psychosexual Latency Stage
Erikson believes that around the age of 7, a child is able to surpress their sexual desires/needs to become a functioning member of society. They live their life for survival and begin to learn to meet basic needs. -
Industry vs. Inferiority
Accoring to Erikson, a child at this age will look at themselves and question their value. They will look to answer the question "Am I successful or worthless?". If they do not feel satisfied with themselves at this stage, they may struggle with depression later in life. -
Development of Hypothetical Thinking
Around this age, a child gains the ability to think hypothetically, allowing their mind to weigh all consequences before making a decision. This drastic change in rationale aids in survival and important decision making. -
Pyschosexual Genital Stage
Erikson believes that the human body begins to understand their world and how they must work to recieve pleasure. However, the mind is compltely driven by a desire for sexual pleasure, but it is able to work to meet these needs. This is the final stage of development for Erik Erikson's stages. -
Piaget's Fourth stage
Stage 4 (12-_): Formal Operational- a person learns to think hypothetically and reason abstractly. -
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Adolescence
This stage begins around age 12 and continues through a person's early 20's. -
Identity vs. Role Confusion
A child going through changes into adolescence will question who they are. They will look at the things they do and possibly change them to fit who they want to be. People who struggle with this stage may have identity issues later life such as a lack of committment to a career field or school study. -
Thickening of Brain Mass and Frontal Cortext
As a child grows towards adulthood, their brain undergoes rapid changes and developments. The brain will grow signifcantly in mass which allows new connections to be made. The frontal cortex deals with decision making and during adolescence, this is not fully developed. -
Intimacy vs. Isolation
A young adult will question how they want to spend their life. Should they live alone? Or rather share their life witih someone else? During this time, many adults make important comittments that will forever impact their lives. An adult who does not "complte" this stage may be engaged in multiple relationships throughout their life with no real comittment being made to any partner or friend. These relationships DO NOT have to be intimate, but simply a steady committment to one person. -
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Early Adulthood
This is a period of transition from adolscence to adulthood where a person is continuing to develop and learn. -
Marriage
Many adults will choose to get married at some point in their life. This milestone is significant because it is the ultimate decision to share your life with someone else as long as you live. Approx. 90% of Americans will get married. -
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Middle Adulthood
This is a stage where many adults view themselves as fully developed and begin to question thier life decisions. -
Adult Male Crises
At this point in a male's life, they begin to question every decision they have ever made. They question the value of their choices, and may choose to make drastic changes. -
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Late Adulthood
During this time, adults begin to feel "past their prime" and are prepared to settle in. They focus heavily on maintaining a happy lifestyle and keeping their independence. -
Empty Nest Syndrome
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Generavity vs. Stagnation
As a full grown adult, an a person will look at the time they have spent and question its value. They may question if they will succeed in life, and make drastic decisions based on these evaluations. -
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Old Age
During this time, physical deterioration becomes inevitable, and an adult will slow down, retire, and enjoy life. Although looked at as a period of loss, Elizabeth Kubler Ross believes there are many stages of dying that a person goes through before death occurs. -
Onset of Alzheimer's Disease
Around this age, a human's physical well-being may reach an all time low. They will begin to show signs of various issues both mentally and physically. Alzheimer's, a disease that may lead to disorienation and confusion, is common in people in thier late adulthood. -
Integrity vs. Despair
As a person grows closer to old age and begins losing their independence, they often question the value of their life. Was it full and good? This is a time when many people will create a "bucket list" to ensure they are satisfied with their lives. -
Stages of Death and Dying
Accorind to Elizabeth Kubler Ross, a person will go through many stages of death and dying before coming to terms with the fact that everyone must die at some point.
1. Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining
4. Depression
5. Acceptance -
Death
Bye bye world!
