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Neonate (0 to 1 month)
Pulse Rate: 90 to 180
Respirations: 30 to 60
Systolic BP: 50 to 70
Temperature (°F): 98 to 100
Physical changes:
first week after birth, neonates loose 5%-10% of their birth weight due to fluid loss. By week 2, neonates begin ro regain their weight at a rate of 30g per day. Neonates are primarily 'nose breathers.'
neonates are born with certain reflexes: moro, palmar, rooting, and sucking reflexes.
Psycosocial Changes:
primary method of communication is through crying -
Infants ( 1 month to 1 year)
Pulse Rate: 100 to 160
Respirations: 25 to 60
Systolic BP: 70 to 95
Temperature (°F): 96.8 to 99.6
Physical changes: crawling; teething; walking without help; able to track objects with eyes; drooling.
Psychosoial changes: the relationship of bonding and secure attachment occurs ( formation of close, personal relationship); anxious avoident development may develop. -
Toddler (ages 1 to 3 yrs)
Pulse Rate: 90 to 150
Respirations: 20 to 30
Systolic BP: 80 to 100
Temperature (°F): 96.8 to 99.6
Physical changes: lungs continue to devleop more terminal bronchioles and alveoli; loss of passive immunity; development of elimination patterns; teething.
Psychosocial changes: learning to speak & express; seperation anxiety peak 8-10 months; interation w/others; playing games; recognize sexual difference -
Preschoolers (3 to 6 years)
Pulse Rate: 80 to 140
Respirations: 20 to 25
Systolic BP: 80 to 100
Temperature (°F): 98.6
Physical changes: development of motor activites; brain will weigh 90% of its final adult weight; muscle mass increases; bones density increases; average age of tiolet training is 28 months of age.
Psychosocial changes: attatchement to parents is very strong at this stage; basic language is mastered; by playing games, kids will are able to learn rules, control, and competitiveness. -
School age (6 to 12 years)
Pulse Rate: 70 to 120
Respirations: 15 to 20
Systolic BP: 80 to 110
Termperature (°F): 98.6
Physical changes: children grown 4lb & 6cm per year; loss of baby teeth, development of permenant teeth; increase of brain activity.
Psychosocial changes: children leanr various type of reasoning such as preconventional, conventional, and postconventional reasoning; development of self-concept & self-esteem
Psychosocial changes: -
Adolescent (12 to 18 years)
Pulse Rate: 60 to 100
Respirations: 12 to 20
Systolic BP: 90 to 110
Temperature (°F): 98.6
Physcial changes: increase of muscles & bone growth; growth spurt; maturation of reproductive organs; pubic & axillary hair develops; boys are able to develop sperm & girls are able to develop eggs.
Psychosocial changes: privacy becomes an issue; self-conciousness increases; greater interest in sexual relations; stronger focus on public image; rebellious behavior may develop
Psychosocial changes: -
Early Adult (19 to 40 years)
Pulse Rate: 60 to 100
Respirations: 12 to 20
Systolc BP: 90 to 140
Temeperature (°F): 98.6
Physical changes: body should be functioning at optimal level; fatty tissue increases, muscles strength decreases; the disk in the spine begin to settle.
Psychosocial changes: the life of a human during this time revolves around work, family, & stress; period where many want to 'settle down.' -
Middle Adult (41 to 60 years)
Pulse Rate: 60 to 100
Respirations: 12 to 20
Systolic BP: 90 to 140
Temperature (°F): 98.6
Physical changes: vunerability to hearing & vision loss increases; cancer & cardiovascular health becomes an issue; in women, menopause occurs; increase of cholestral levels
Psychosoical changes: focus of achieving life goals increases; readjustement to lifestyle as children leave home. -
Late Adult (61 and older)
Pulse Rate: depends on health
Respirations: depends on health
Systolic BP: depends on health
Temperature (°F): 98.6
Physical changes: cardiac function declines; greater chance of developing atherosclerosis; surface area of aveoli decreases; elasticity of lungs decrease; cilia in airways diminish; metabolism decreases; filtration function of renal systems decreases by %50
Psychosocial changes: mental function declines; dealing with financial issues; dealthing with mortaility.