-
Adolescence
Ages 10→ 18
Adolescence, involves significant physical, cognitive, and emotional changes. This period features puberty, brain development, evolving abstract thinking, and deeper moral reasoning, all under strong peer influence. Emotional challenges, such as volatility and sensitivity, are common due to hormonal and cognitive shifts. Successfully navigating these years is crucial for future adult roles and relationships. -
Early Adulthood
Ages 18→ 40
Early adulthood involves establishing independence and navigating major life decisions. This phase includes pursuing higher education, starting careers, and forming significant relationships, often including marriage and parenthood. Individuals refine self-identity, develop professional skills, and must balance personal and professional life. Mastering these tasks sets a trajectory for personal satisfaction and economic stability. -
Middle Adulthood
Ages 40 → 65
Middle adulthood is marked by continued career development, maintaining relationships, and often, caring for aging parents and raising teenagers. Physically, individuals may experience signs of aging like decreased metabolism and menopause. Cognitive abilities like problem-solving are at their peak. Socially, this period demands adjustment to life transitions, reflecting on achievements, and preparing for retirement. -
Late Adulthood
Ages 65 and older
Late adulthood brings significant changes in lifestyle due to retirement and physical health declines. Cognitive processes may slow, and memory can be affected, but accumulated knowledge (crystallized intelligence) remains stable or increases. Socially, networks may shrink yet deepen, and emotional regulation typically improves. Managing health and adapting to losses are key challenges, with a focus on life review and legacy.