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Jul 11, 622
Migration from Mecca to Madinah (1 AH)
The Muslims had been exposed to a city called Madina (known as Yathrib before the Prophet's arrival), where multiple people of the community had converted to Islam. They had offered sanctuary for the Muslims of Makkah, to leave the oppression of the Quraish. On June 13th, 622, the Prophet (SAW) and Abu Bakr As Sideeq (RA) left Makkah and migrated, where 70 families had migrated before them, and arrived on July 11, 622 AD. -
Jul 30, 622
1 AH: Constitution of Madina
Madina consisted of multiple tribes and groups, comprising of Muslims, Jews and polytheists: Aws, Khazraj, Banu Quraydah, Banu An Nadheer and Banu Qaynuqa’. In order to unite the diverse parties, the Prophet (SAW) & these groups drew a constitution that highlighted and defined the rights and responsibilities of each group or party, and made sure that none of the parties fought against each other. It was written shortly after the Hijra (July 11, 622 AD). -
Mar 13, 624
2 AH: Battle of Badr
The Battle of Badr occurred on March 13, 624 (17 of Ramadan 2 AH), and was the first battle against the Muslims and Pagans after the migration to Madina. The Muslims had ambushed a Meccan caravan, in order to compensate for the possessions that they had lost when they had migrated. The 2 parties had met in between both Mecca and Madina: Badr. The Quraish had had 950 men (70 deaths and 70 captured), while the Muslims had 314 men (14 killed). In the end, the Muslims triumphed. -
Mar 19, 625
Battle of Uhud
The Battle of Uhud took place on March 19, 625 (3 Shawwal 3 AH), in the valley at Mount Uhud, and was the second battle the Muslims had against the people of Mecca as they wanted revenge over defeat from the Muslims in the previous year. Despite being out numbered (Quraish with 3000 men and the Muslims with 700), the Muslims gained the upper hand. However, when the Muslims assigned to the top of the mountain left their post, it gave the Quraish an opportunity, thus killing many Muslims. -
Mar 31, 627
Battle of the Trench
The Battle of the Trench was from March to April of 627 (Dhul Qi’dah, 5AH) outside of Madina. Quraish allied with other tribes in order to take down Islam, including Banu Nadheer, who were banished from Madina after trying to assassinate the Prophet. After finding out the news that they were going to attack, Salman Al Farsi suggested that they build a trench around the city of Madina, preventing the enemies from entering, it was successful & the Quraish and their allies retreated after 27 days. -
Feb 9, 630
Bibliography
Bibliography:"Battle of Badr." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 02 Aug. 2014. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Badr. "Battle of the Trench." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 02 Feb. 2014. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trench. "Battle of Uhud." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 02 Feb. 2014. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Uhud."Constitution of Medina." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Jan. 2014. -
Dec 11, 630
Conquering (opening) Makkah
The Muslims conquered Mecca on December 11, 630 (Ramadan 20th 8AH), after the Quraish ally, Banu Bakr breached the Treaty of Hudaybiyah by attacking an ally of the Muslims, Banu Khuza’a, with the Quraish aiding them. The Prophet then set out to conquer Mecca, as the treaty had been breached. Abu Sufyan accepted Islam, and the city was conquered without bloodshed, and the Ka’bah cleared out of all idols. -
Treaty of Hudaybiyah
In March 628 (Dhul Qi’dah, 6 AH) Prophet (SAW) had a dream that the Muslims were performing Umrah. He set out with 1400 Muslims, but the Quraish had prevented them from entering, so they moved to Al Hudaybiyah, where a peace treaty was signed: Muslims wouldn’t perform Umrah this year, but could return next year, there was to be no war for 10 years, any person who leaves Mecca for Madina would be returned, but the opposite couldn’t happen, & anyone who wanted to ally with either party could do so