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French and Indian War 1
Short VideoWith the Ohio River valley claimed by both France and Virginia, George Washington was trusted and took control. He defeated a French party fairly small despite his small army as well. This ignited the Seven Year’s War. The French gained the alliance of the Indians, from the British, which drastically helped them overcome the British until 1757. “Montcalm’s victory at Fort Williams Henry marked the French high-water mark” (Oakes 162). William Pitt, the head of the cabinet, raised taxes radically -
French and Indian War 2
to support the huge army and succeeded helping Britain win the second half of the war. “The Treaty of Paris ended the war in 1763” (Oakes 164). -
Treaty of Paris
-This was the official end to the French and Indian War
-The terms to Treaty of paris were harsh to loosing France
-All French territory on the Mainland of North America was lost
-The British won and recieved Quebec and the Ohio valley
-Spain gained some land for being allies of britian
-This was a coming of age for the English colonies
-They proved they could work together to defeat a common foe -
Proclamation of 1763
Proclamation LineAfter the French and Indian war, Algonquian tribes hoped they would find middle ground with the British. Lord Jeffery Amherst had something else to say about that. He cut the presents being sent to the Indians taking the risk at another war. “The war of 1763, also known as Pontiac’s Rebellion was the first battle to keep the region between the Mississippi river and the Alleghenies free of European settlers” (Oakes 165). Causalities were high with innocent Indians being killed or wounded. -
Proclamation of 1763
. In December 1763, 50 armed men attacked an Indian village scalping 6 people. Pontiac’s Rebellion ended in a draw and peace was made. The Proclamation of 1763 drew a line going north to south down the Appalachian mountains and said the colonists could not pass the line without permission of the British. -
Navigation Acts
-The Navigation Acts had already been passed by this date above, this is just the date where the Navigation laws became strictly enforced.
-These acts were officially passed in the 17th century and was aimed at excluding the Dutch from the profits made by English trade
-Only British ships could transport imported and exported goods from the colonies
-The only people who were allowed to trade with the colonies had to be British citizens. -
Sugar Act
-The first law ever passed by the Parliament for the specific purpose of raising tax revenue in the colonies for the crown
-"The Sugar Act reduced the rate of tax on molasses from six pence to three pence per gallon"(Sugar Act)
- The act also listed more foreign goods to be taxed including sugar, certain wines, coffee, pimiento, cambric and printed calico, and further, regulated the export of lumber and iron -
Stamp Act
- "The Stamp Act was passed by the British Parliament on March 22, 1765" (History).
-To raise revenue to support new military force in the colonies
-Mandated the use of stamped paper, certifying payment of tax
-Passed by a vote of 204 to 49
-Stamps were required for about 50 trade items
-Word of the Stamp Act reached the colonies. Resistance began and continued for nearly a year in major cities. -
Quartering Act
-To address the practical concerns of such a troop deployment
-Emposed by Prime Minister Grenville as well
-Great Britan would house its soldiers in barracks
-Colonists were required to supply troops with basic needs such as bedding, food, cooking utensils and firewood. -Seemed to violate the Bill of Rights, many people did not supply all all of the supplies asked for -
Stamp Act Congress
-27 delegates from 9 colonies met in New York
-They argued that colonial taxation could only be carried on by their own assemblies
-The meeting paved the way to the Declaration of Rights and Grievances
-They requested that the Parliament repeal the Stamp Act
-This brought unity into the colonies with an attempt at common problem solving -
Townshend Acts
-Charles Townshend, a great orator, convinced Parliament to pass these acts
-taxes on the colonists, including duties on lead, painters' colors, paper and tea
-Townshend hoped the acts would defray imperial expenses in the colonies
-colonies often invoked the phrase no taxation without representation
-They did not import British Goods until the act was repealed
-Townshend Acts were partially repealed except for the tax on tea -
Boston Massacre 1
Short ClipBoston was the most radical spot in the colonies, which had Britain breathing down its back to enforce legislation. “In 1768 Lord North seized John Hancocks Liberty on a violation of the Sugar Act and threatened fines totaling £54,000” (Oakes 174). About a year and a half later there was still tension between the colonies since the enforce of heavy tax burden imposed by the Townshend Acts. On March 5, 1770 an apprentice and an officer were scuffling and attracted a giant crowd. The crowd -
Boston Massacre 2
started throwing things such as snowballs and yelling chants of “Kill Them!” until the word fire came out a soldiers mouth. 5 men died while 11 men were wounded. This was known as the Boston massacre which was followed by three years of peace. -
Townshend Acts repealed
-Townshend had failed to produce income
-The British parliament repealed the Townshend duties on all but tea
-Lord North maintained the taxes on tea in order to underscore the supremacy of parliament
-the resolution was defeated by the representatives of the government in parliament by a vote of 204 to 142 -
Boston Tea Party
-The most significant of all tea parties
-over 5,000 colonists met at the Old South Meeting House to plan the protest of the Tea Act
-Over 100 colonists disguised as Mohawk Indians boarded and raided the three docked ships of the British East India Company
-342 containers of taxable tea was thrown overboard into the sea
-This led to the "Intolerable Acts"
- All organized by the Sons of Liberty led by Samuel Adams -
Intolerable Acts
- A group of acts passed in response to the Boston Tea Party -King George IIl passed the Intolerable Acts "This act was passed to put a stop to any shipping imports and exports of any goods and/or merchandise in the Boston area" (American) -Wanted to put and end to the Constitution of Massachusets -gave the power for all trials in the colony to be sent to Great Britain and heard under a British judge -compelled the colonists to feed and shelter the soldiers employed to punish them
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Quebec Act
-They wanted to extend the Province of Quebec
-Britain was scared about a rebellion in the thirteen colonies
-The British decided that the French would be able to keep some of their former laws
-Allowed them to be catholic and practice their religion
-Reinstated French civil law
-Denied the right to an elected legislative assembly
-Quebec was extended to the Ohio river which helped fur trade -
First Continental Congress
Minute Men-This was in response to the Intolerable Acts
-First Continental Congress meets in Philadelphia with 56 delegates, representing every colony, except Georgia
-They met for 7 weeks
-the Congress declares its opposition to the Coercive Acts and Quebec Act
- the Congress adopts the Continental Association in which delegates agree to a boycott of English imports
-The First Continental Congress helped define common grievances against Great Britain -
Battle of Lexington and Concord
-The British marched to Concord which was past Lexington in search for weapons but didnt find any
-700 men and set out for Lexington and Concord to destroy the suplies overthere
-Paul Revere and William Dawes were sent to spread the alarm
- Minute Men were ready for action when the Red Coats reached Concord
-The British reached Lexington only to face 70 militia who backed down
-8 Americans were killed at Lexington with many wounded
- Britian won the skermish at Lexington -
Second Continental Congress
-The Second Continental Congress meeting started after the battles of Lexington and Concord
-The delegates of the 13 colonies gathered in Philadelphia to discuss their next steps.
-The New England militia were still encamped outside of Boston trying to drive the British out of Boston
-It established the militia as the Continental Army to represent the thirteen states
-Washington was choosen as the commander in chief
-A movement towards independence was gaining ground -
Battle of Bunker Hill
-American troops under the orders from Artemas Ward moved out to their destination; Bunker Hill
-Misunderstood orders and went to Brees hill instead
-British stormed the hill thinking the Americans would retreat
-They opened fire and ended up retreating from the hill.
-The second march up the hill was similar with the british retreating
-The third march was even cause the Americans were low on ammo which resulted in the Americans retreating
-About half the British soldiers were killed or wounded -
Thomas Paines Common Sense
Thomas Paine Bibliography-A 96 page phamplet written by Thomas Paine was published
-Most important document in American Revolution
-Taught the colonists to stand up for themselves and do it the right way
-Helped to sway those toward the side of the Patriots
-The Declaration of Independence was written shortly after only becuase it was encouraged in Common Sense
