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French and Indian War
George Washington's Journal-started in Ohio Valley by George Washington
-world-wide conflict, Seven Year's War
-British reinforcements sent to colonies,
-French successful at first
-British began to win, won Quebec and Montreal
- last time French flag flew over Canada
-ended February 10, 1763 -
Period: to
Events Leading to Revolution
Includes significant events such as the French and Indian War, the Proclamation of 1763, the Boston Tea Party, the Intolerable Acts, the Boston Massacre, and the Battles of Bunker Hill, Concord and Lexington, all of which have shaped the character and history of our nation. -
Proclamation of 1763
The Proclamation on 1763- Issues and Reaction
-issued by King George III
-purpose was to...
-organize Great Britain's new North American empire and...
-stablizie relations with Native Americans (through regulation of trade, settlement, and land purchases on western frontier)
-closed off frontier to colonial expansion -
Sugar Act
Sugar Act April 5, 1764-aka American Revenues Act and American Duties Act
-passed by Parliament of Great Britain
-modified version of the Sugar and Molasses Act, about to expire
-reduced tax on molasses : six pence a gallon to three pence a gallon
- also listed more foreign goods to be taxed including sugar, certain wines, coffee, pimiento, cambric and printed calico, and regulated the export of lumber and iron
-set stage for revolt of Stamp Act -
Stamp Act
The Stamp Act British Parliament - 1765-British Parliament specifically tax colonies
-required many printed materials (such as legal documents, newspappers, magazines) be produced in London with embossed revenue stamp
-stamp tax had to be paid in valid British currency, not colonial paper money
-purpose was to help pay for troops stationed in North America due to British victory in Seven Years' War
-British government thought colonies were benefitting from troops, so they should pay part of the expense
-lead to Stamp Act Congress -
Quartering Act
Quartering Act of 1774passed by Parliament of Great Britain
-used in the American colonies to ensure that British soldiers had adequate housing and provisions
-if requested, colonists had to provide British soldiers with food and/or shelter, basically took them in
-amendments to the Mutiny Act, which had to be renewed annually by Parliament
-originally intended as a response to problems during Britain's victory in the Seven Years War, later became source of tension between colonies and government -
Stamp Act Congress
Stamp Act Congress, Declaration of Rights-representatives from thirteen colonies
-only delegates from 9 of the 13 coloniesGeorgia, North Carolina, Virginia, and New Hampshire = no delegates
-discussed and acted upon the Stamp Act recently passed by the governing Parliament of Great Britain
-did not include any representatives from the colonies
-October 19, the delegates adopted a Declaration of Rights and Grievances-during next few days resolutions were redrafted -
Declaratory Act
The Declaratory Act-declaration by British Parliament
-accompanied repeal of Stamp Act
-had to repeal Stamp Act, colonists were boycotting which hurt British trade
-stated the Parliament's authority in America same as it's authority in Britain
-asserted it's authority to make laws in colonies -
Townshend Acts
Townshend Acts-series of laws passed by British parliament
-named after Charles Townshend,proposed the program
-include the Revenue Act of 1767, the Indemnity Act, the Commissioners of Customs Act, the Vice Admiralty Court Act, and the New York Restraining Act.
-purpose to raise revenue in the colonies to pay salaries of governors and judges, more effective way to regulat trade, punish New York, est. right to tax colonies
-lead to Brit troops occupation of Boston -
Repeal of Townshend Acts
The Townshend Acts-colonists decided not to import British goods until townshend act was repealed and to boycott any goods that were imported in violation of non-importation agreement
-August, merchants in Boston and New York begin their boycott of most British goods until the Townshend Acts are repealed
-October 1769 the merchant boycott spread to New Jersey, Rhode Island and North Carolina
-colonists united in their opposition to the Townshend Acts
-taxes repealed on everything but tea -
British Troops Occupy Boston
Seige of Boston-British troops land in Boston to enforce Townshend duties and regulate local radicals
-locals unhappy with British appearance
-lead to street fights
-lead to Boston Massacre -
Boston Massacre
John Adams (Boston Massacre Scene)-aka Boston riot
-March 5, 1770
-King Street, British sentry stood outside Custom House
-insulted and harassed by colonists
-crowd grew, British soldiers knew situation was going to get out of hand
-fired into the crowd, 5 colonists dead, 6 wounded -
Boston Tea Party
Eyewitness Account by a ParticipantThe Boston Tea Party, 1774
-protesting tea act
-believed it violated their right to be taxed only by their own elected representatives
-protesters successfully prevented unloading of taxed tea in 3 colonies
-under orders of Royal Governor Thomas Hutchinson, officials in Boston refused to return three shiploads of taxed tea to Britain
-group of colonists boarded ships and threw tea into Boston Harbor -
Intolerable Acts
Colonists unhappy with "Intolerable" acts -aka Coercive Acts
- series of five laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774
-triggered outrage and resistance in Colonies
-important developments in the growth of the American Revolution
-four acts were issued in direct response to Boston Tea Party, December 1773
-hoped acts would reverse trend of colonial resistance to parliamentary
authority that began with1765 Stamp Act
-included...Boston Port Act, Massachusetts Government Act, Administration of Justice Act, Quartering Act, Quebec Act -
First Continental Congress
List of Delegates-convention of delegates from 12 colonies September 5,
1774, at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
-called in response to the passage of the Intolerable Acts
-Georgia did not send delegates
-met to consider options, boycott of British trade, publish a list of rights and grievances, petition King George for redress of those grievances
-also called for another Continental Congress if their petition was unsuccessful
-accomplsihments...colonies boycott British goods, Second Cont. Cong. -
Quebec Act
The Quebec Act- 1774-1774 Act of the Parliament of Great Britain
-setting procedures of governance in the Province of Quebec
-province's territory was expanded to take over part of Indian Reserve, including much of what is now southern Ontario, plus Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota.
-oath of allegiance no longer made reference to the Protestant faith
-guaranteed free practice of the Catholic faith
-restored use of French civil law for private matters -
Battle of Concord and Lexingotn
Lexington Concord Battle Road Minute Man National Park
-first military engagements of American Revolutionary War
-British searching for gun powder, ammunition, etc
-first shots fired at Lexington
-militia fell back (outnumbered)
-British preceded to Concord
-500 militia men vs. 3 Great Britain companies
-British then outnumbered, fell back
-more militiamen appeared, attacked British marching back to Boston -
Battle of Bunker Hill
The Battle of Bunker Hill
-on and around Breed's Hill, during Siege of Boston early in American Revolutionary War
- colonial forces learned British generals were planning to occupy the unoccupied hills surrounding the city
-1,200 colonial troops under the command of William Prescott stealthily occupied Bunker Hill and Breed's Hill
-significant colonial loss -
Second Continental Congress
Documents from the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention-convention of delegates from 13 colonies
-met in Philedelphia, Pennsylvania
-managed colonial war effort
-moved towards independence and United States Decalaration of Independence
-raised armies, directed startegies, appointed diplomats, made formal treaties, became national government
-after ratification of Articles of Confederation, became known as Congess of Confederation -
Thomas Paine's Common Sense
Common Sense-February 9, 1737– June 8, 1809
- author, pamphleteer, radical, inventor, intellectual, revolutionary, and one of the Founding Fathers
-forty-eight page pamphlet.
-powerful argument for independence from British rule
-published anonymously.
-cause rising revolutionary excitement and sentiment
-sold as many as 120,000 copies in the first three months, 500,000 in the first year
