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Toussaint Louverture 1743-1803
was the leader of the Haitian Revolution His military genius and political acumen led to the establishment of the independent black state of Haiti, transforming an entire society of slaves into a free, self-governing people -
Reign of King Louis XVI 1774-1792
King of France and Navarre from 1775 until 1791, after which he was subsequently King of the French from 1791 to 1792, before his deposition and execution during the French Revolution. His father, Louis, Dauphin of France, was the son and heir apparent of Louis XV of France. Due to the Dauphin's death in 1765, Louis succeeded his grandfather in 1774. -
American Revolution 1775-1783
growing tensions between residents of Great Britain's 13 North American colonies and the colonial government, which represented the British crown. Skirmishes between British troops and colonial militiamen in Lexington and Concord in April 1775 kicked off the armed conflict -
James Watt Perfects Steam Engine
the first type of steam engine to make use of steam at a pressure just above atmospheric to drive the piston helped by a partial vacuum. -
French Reolution 1787-1799
denoting the end of the ancien régime in France and serving also to distinguish that event from the later French revolutions of 1830 and 1848. -
Hatian Revolution 1791-1804
A slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, which culminated in the elimination of slavery there and the founding of the Haitian republic. -
Wars of Independence in Latin America 1791-1804
various revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America. -
Cotton Gin Developed
Machine that had the ability to quickly separate short-staple cotton fiber from its seed was the future of the Southern economy, and its use of slave labor, tied to cotton production. -
Reign of Napoleon 1804-1814
a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution and its associated wars in Europe. -
Congress of Vienna 1814-1815
After the downfall of Napoleon Bonaparte, this international conference was called to create a balance among the European powers in such a way so as to prevent future wars and maintain peace and stability on the European continent. -
Simon Bolivar 1819-1830
Bolívar played a key role in Latin America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire, and is today considered one of the most influential politicians in the history of the Americas -
Spinning Mule Developed
The spinning mule spins textile fibres into yarn by an intermittent process. In the draw stroke, the roving is pulled through rollers and twisted; on the return it is wrapped onto the spindle. -
Opium War 1839-1842
the climax of disputes over trade and diplomatic relations between China under the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire. -
Communist Manifesto Published
It has been recognized as one of the world's most influential political manuscripts. it laid out the League's purposes and program. It presents an analytical approach to the class struggle and the problems of capitalism, rather than a prediction of communism's potential future forms. -
Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864
a massive civil war in southern China from 1850 to 1864, against the ruling Manchu-led Qing Dynasty. It was led by Hong Xiuquan, who announced that he had received visions in which he learned that he was the younger brother of Jesus. -
Crimean War 1853- 1856
The war arose from the conflict of great powers in the Middle East and was more directly caused by Russian demands to exercise protection over the Orthodox subjects of the Ottoman sultan -
Bessemer Process Developed
The Bessemer converter was a squat, ugly, clay-lined crucible that simplified the problem of removing impurities — excess manganese and carbon, mostly — from pig iron through the process of oxidation. -
Sepoy Rebellion
the Sepoy rebellion was a complete surprise to the British, many of whom were "blind to the unrest that had been created, in part, by the rapid imposition of direct British control over two-thirds of India" -
Origin of the Species Published
is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology -
Emancipation of Russian Serfs
fifty million of the sixty million legal occupants of Russia were serfs. Inhumane treatment, rape and torture topped the long list of how serfs were treated daily. If the previous list did not cure the serf of his rebellion, he was to be enlisted into the military, where far worse treatment was received. -
Meiji Restoration
a chain of events that restored imperial rule to Japan under Emperor Meiji. -
Suez Canal
an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea it allows transportation by water between Europe and Asia without navigation around Africa. -
Unification of Italy
the political and social movement that agglomerated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy in the 19th century. -
Unification of Germany
Princes of the German states gathered there to proclaim Wilhelm of Prussia as Emperor Wilhelm of the German Empire after the French capitulation in the Franco-Prussian War. -
Boer War 1880-1881
The Boer War has also been named the Transvaal Rebellion, as the Boers of the Transvaal revolted against the British annexation of 1877. -
Berlin Conference
a meeting between European nations to create rules on how to peacefully divide Africa among them for colonization. The conference was convened by Portugal but led by Otto von Bismarck, chancellor of the newly united Germany -
Indian National Congress Founded
It is the largest and one of the oldest democratically-operating political parties in the world. -
Boxer Rebellion 1899- 1901
an anti-foreign, proto-nationalist movement by the Righteous Harmony Society in China opposing foreign imperialism and Christianity. -
Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905
It grew out of rival imperial ambitions of the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over Manchuria and Korea. The major theatres of operations were Southern Manchuria, specifically the area around the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden; and the seas around Korea, Japan, and the Yellow Sea. -
ALL- INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE FOUNDED
founded to safeguard the rights of Indian Muslims. At first the league was encouraged by the British and was generally favourable to their rule, but the organization adopted self-government for India as its goal in 1913. -
Henry Ford Assembly Line
Henry Ford announced his goal for the Ford Motor Company: to create "a motor car for the great multitude." At that time, automobiles were expensive, custom-made machines. -
Panama Canal
a 48-mile ship canal in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a key conduit for international maritime trade.