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Boston
In 1635 Boston town officials hired a schoolmaster and a year later(1636) a Latin Grammar school was opened along with Harvard College. In 1647, the General Court of Massachusetts mandated that every community with a population of 50 people should have an elementary school and with a population of 100 people should have a Latin School. -
Thomas Jefferson
Jefferson proposed to divide the country into small republics and create an elementary school for those republics so the children of white people could attend and learn the basic things that are necessary for life such as mathematics and reading. -
Pennsylvania State Constitution
Pennsylvania State Constitution calls for free public school for only poor people because the rich people can educate their own kids. -
New York Public School Society
NYPSS was formed by wealthy people to provide education for poor people. The teacher would teach a hundred students in one class and the student would later teach other students. -
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First Public School
First public school opens in Boston and a few years later the state of Massachusetts passed a law making all the grade schools free for all students free of charge no matter what race or background they have come from. -
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African Americans In the South
After the civil war, for the first time, African Americans mobilizes to bring education to the south. They unite with Republicans to rewrite the state constitution to make public schools free for everyone. Many southern states had passed laws to make attending public schools for African Americans illegal. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Many southern states had passed laws that made segregation legal and in 1892, Homer Plessy, a mixed-race African American intentionally violated the Separate Act of 1890 law, which required "equal but separate" railroad accommodation for Whites and Blacks. Homer sued Judge Jhon Howard Ferguson stating that the law was unconstitutional. The case went to the Supreme Court and the judges ruled that the Louisiana Act of 1890 was not unconstitutional as long as the facilities are in equal equality. -
Brown v. Board of Education
It took almost six decades for the Supreme Court to realize that segregated schools are unconstitutional. The court ruled that state-sanctioned segregation of public schools was in violation of the 14th Amendment and therefore unconstitutional. The ruling of the Supreme Court immediately didn't go into effect in a lot of states and it took another a couple of decades for the ruling to go completely into effect. -
Title IX
Title IX is a federal civil right in the United States and it was passed as part of the Education Amendment of 1972. It prohibits discrimination on the basis of sec in any public schools or educational institutions that receive funds from the federal government. -
Education for all handicapped children
US Congress enacted EAHCA in 1975. This act requires all the public schools around the country to provide equal access to education and free meal to all children with physical and mental disabilities. -
Plyler v. Doe
In 1795, the state of Texas passed a law allowing public schools to deny admission or charge tuition for undocumented children. When the case went to the supreme court the judge decided 5-4 that rules section 21.031 of the Texas Education Code unconstitutional and holds schools responsible to extend equal protection of the 14th Amendment to undocumented immigrant children. -
English Only Instruction
California became the first state to overturn its bilingual law and mandated that teachers should only teach in English in public schools. To this very day, many bilingual students are falling behind because they have to spend several hours learning English.
