Kings and events

The English experienced pirateering and pillage by the Vikings

797

-Great Viking Expansion
-the vikings changed to settlement

Death of Edward the Confessor

Jan 4, 1066

-no children
-promised the throne to his nephew, Edward the Exile, who died a few days after arriving to England.
-Edward the Exile's son, Edgar, was to be heir, but he was only 15 by the time Edward the Confessor died.

Coronation of Harold II Godwinson

Jan 5, 1066

-He was chosen by the Witan
-He was Edward's brother in law

Norwegians defeat the Earls of Mercia and Northumbria

Sep 20, 1066

-1st invasion
-leaded by Harold Hardrada
-aided by Tostig
-from Norway
-landed in Yorkshire in november

Harold II defeats Hardrada and Tostig at Stamford Bridge

Sep 25, 1066

End of the Viking age in England

Duke William the Conqueror landed at Pevensey (Sussex)

Sep 28, 1066

-2nd invasion (coming from Normandy)

The English army arrives at Senlac Hill

Oct 13, 1066

-The English army faced a larger freser foe and so they took this position

Battle of Senlac (Battle of Hastigs)

Oct 14, 1066

-Killed Harold II Godwinson

William I the Conqueror crowned at Westminster

Dec 25, 1066

• he defeated Harold Godwinson, and became King by conquest.

Northern revolts (1068-1069)

1068

-Culminating in the massacre of the Norman garrisons at York and Durham

Malcom III married Margaret

1070

-he married into the old English royal family
-Margaret was daughter of Edward the exile, sister of Edgar Aetheling
-4 children: Edgar, Edmund, Edward, Ethelred

William II crowned as king

1087

-King William the Conqueror left the English crown to his second son (and favourite), William Rufus
-He was an able ruler but brutal and crude in an age of public piety.
- When he died, as he had no son, the nobles agreed to recogniza Henry I as king.

Henry I crowned at Westminster

1100

-first noman king born in England and the first to speak English
- crowned three days after death of William II
- he had to win the barons support : he distanced himself from William II's abuse of power and by making a number of concessions to the nobles.
- he acepted that there were limits to royal power and to the king's rights over novel property and church offices.
- during his reign the sharp differences between English and Norman society began to abate

Henry I married Edith of Scotland

Nov 11, 1100

• Edith represented the Saxon bloodline
• by marring her, Hnery I merged the old and new dynasties of England

Robert's attempted invasion of England

1101

• He was Henry I's brother.

Henry I defeated his brother Robert at Tinchebrat in Normandy

1106

• Robert spent the remaining 28 years as Henry I's prisoner

David I became King of Scots

1124

• he was a well-educated younger son who came to the throne after the relatively early death of his brothers.
• Earl of Huntingdon and a vassal of Henry I

Coronation of Stephen of Blois

1135

-On Henry I's death, the brons chose him, Henry I's nephew, as king
-He was only able to maintain his title by increasing concessions to the barons and to the chuch

David acquired the county of Northumberland for Scotland

1139

• After Henry I's death, David I set himself to extending the Scottish realm southwards.

David I died

1153

• He died at Carlisle

Henry II succeeded Stephen of Blois

1154

-inherited: Normandy, Tourine and Maine
-married Eleanor of Aquitaine. She brought: Aquitaine and Toulouse
-added: Wales and Scotland
-1171 conquered Southeastern Ireland

The Reign of Richard I (the lionheart)

1189

-1189-1199
-did little for England
-raised money to continue his fighting abroad
-had no concern for routine administration
-farmed out his royal privileges to Prince John and the barons
-Participated on the Third Crusade

Reign of John

1199

1199-1216
-England's worst king
-2 antagonists: King Philip ii (Philip Augustus of France) - Pope Innocent II
-married Isabella of Angoulême
-Rival : Hugh de Brown
-King Philip summoned him to stand trial, he refused and the King took all of his French domains.

King John lost all the Plantagenet empire

1204

-Only Aquitaine remained unconquered.

King John submitted to Pope Innocent

1213

-Because King Philip was prepared to invade England with the pope's blessing
-The Pope was now on his side

King John signed the Magna Charta

Jul 15, 1215

Reign of Henry III

1216

-cast as an "un-English"

Treaty of Paris

1259

Civil War broke out

1264

Simon de Montfort defeated King Henry III (Battle of Lewes)

1264

Montfort is killed at the battle of Evesham

1265

-the royal army, led by Prince Edward, defeated tje rebellious barons and killed Montfort