Key Events and Developments in Passenger Airlines After the Second World War (1945 onwards)
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How Air Travel Has Developed in the Last 80 Years
After World War II, we saw huge advancements in air travel. Jets like the Boeing 707 were introduced, which made flying faster and more efficient. The introduction of jumbo jets like the Boeing 747 opened up travel to more people because they could carry more passengers. Safety features and navigation technology have improved too, and we now have in-flight Wi-Fi and entertainment. As well as this, low cost airlines have boomed in popularity, making travel more affordable. -
The opening of Heathrow
The opening of London Heathrow Airport made London a lot more accessible for travellers all over the world, boosting the number of visitors and making it easier for people to explore the UK. It also became a major hub for connecting flights, so people could go away to other destinations in Europe. It also allowed tourists to visit new destinations on long haul flights as regional airports wouldn't usually offer long haul flights. -
British Overseas Airways Corporation
British Overseas Airways Corporation was the British owned airline by the merger of Imperial Airways and British Airways. BOAC introduced the worlds first tourist fare. It was one of the main airlines in the UK and played a significant role in the development of international air travel. BOAC offered flights to various destinations, like more remote locations as well as tourist hotspots. Later, it was merged with British European Airways to create British Airways. -
Laker Airways
Laker Airways was a British airline founded by Sir Freddie Laker in 1966. They were known for their low-cost transatlantic flights, which made travel more affordable for people. They introduced the 'skytrain' service, offering low fares between London and New York. Laker Airways went on to face difficulties and ceased operations in 1982. -
Jet Aircraft 747
The Boeing 747 is an iconic aircraft, and it is often known as the 'Queen of the Skies'. It' known for its hump-shaped upper deck and has been used for all sorts of flights, from commercial to cargo. The Boeing 747 has four engines and two decks, which makes it distinctive. It's got a range of around 8,000 miles and can carry hundreds of passengers. Also, the cargo version has a nose that flips up for large items. -
Jet Aircraft DC-10
The DC-10 aircraft was produced by McDonnell Douglas, and it was known for its wide body design and three engines. It could carry 380 passengers and fly long distances. The DC-10 was used by various airlines around the world for both domestic and international flights. Some airlines that were known for operating the DC-10 were American Airlines, United Airlines, and Continental Airlines. Laker Airways also operated the DC-10. -
The growth of airports and airport facilities
Airports and the growth of facilities have taken off over the years. Airports have expanded to accommodate more passengers and planes. They have added more terminals, runways and new technologies for air traffic control and passenger transport. In modernised airports, you'll find lots of shops, restaurants, lounges and better security systems. They have also focussed on being more sustainable, with some using solar power and aiming for lower carbon emissions -
Concorde
Concorde was a sleek supersonic passenger jet that could fly twice the speed of sound, which is over 1,300mph. Concorde starting flying in the 1970s and was operating until 2003. It's most famously known for being able to fly from London to New York in just 3 and a half hours, whereas these days it would take around 7 hours to get from London to New York. Their tickets were rather expensive, but it was known for luxury and speed. -
De-regulation of the airlines
Airline de-regulation came into place in the USA, as prior to this the airline industry was regulated by the government who had strict control over many different areas. These included fares, routes, and marketing. The Airline De-Regulation Act of 1987 allowed airlines to have more freedom to make their on choices on routes and pricing. Even though it lead to more competition within the industry, is also allowed passengers to have more choice. -
British Airline - Virgin Atlantic
Virgin Atlantic is a British airline known for its style and customer service. They are well known for their transatlantic routes, connecting the UK to lots of destinations in the USA like New York, LA, and Miami. They also fly to other hotspots like the Caribbean, Africa and India. Their main hub is London Heathrow, but they also have a strong presence in Manchester Airport. Virgin Atlantic have so many different destination choices for you, there is something for everyone! -
Budget Airline - Ryanair
Ryanair is a classic example of a no-frills airline that had a huge impact on the tourism industry with its low-cost model. They fly to a number of destinations across Europe and even North Africa. Some of their popular hubs include London Stansted, Dublin, and Milan airpots. They have a lot of routes, but some of the busiest ones are London to Dublin, Madrid to Barcelona, and Rome to Milan. Ryanair would be a great airline choice if you're looking to easily travel around Europe! -
Major Overseas Airline - Emirates
Emirates is known for its luxurious service and expansive network, especially with their dub at Dubai International Airport. They connect travellers to over 150 destinations worldwide. Some of their popular routes include Dubai to London Heathrow, Dubai to Mumbai, and Dubai to Bangkok. They are known for their massive fleet of the Airbus A380, which offers mass levels of comfort. Emirates is an amazing choice of airline if you'd like some papering and luxury on long-haul flights! -
The rise of ‘No Frills’ airlines
No frills airlines, also known as low cost airlines, starting getting popular in the 1990s after de-regulation made it easier for new airlines to enter the market. No frills airlines kept their costs low by offering the basic and nothing else - a seat and nothing else. Guests are able to pay for things like luggage, food, and choosing your seat. They are usually based in regional airports which are cheaper and have quick turnaround times. This makes it easier for people to travel. -
Pan Am
Pan Am, short for Pan American World Airways, was the biggest international airline in the USA. It was best known for introducing the Boeing 747, and it set a standard for international travel. They also had clipper ships that flew across the oceans, and the airline itself was really big on luxury and comfort. The downfall of Pan Am showed how tough the aviation industry could be, especially with rising fuel costs and stiff competition. They went out of business in 1991. -
The change in airline check-in
Airline check-in has evolved a lot. Passengers had to stand in long queues before, but with the development in new technologies it has been made a lot easier. Passengers are able to check-in online or via an app, and you're usually able to check in 24 hours before your flight. You can even choose your seat and get your boarding pass on your phone. At the airport, there are now self-serve kiosks where you can drop your bags off. It is a lot more speedy and convenient now. -
Tightening Security following 9/11
Airport security got a lot stricter after 9/11. When going through airport security now, guests have to remove items like shoes and belts, have a limit on liquids and go through full-body scanners. There is also a lot more scrutiny on passenger information and tighter cockpit doors to prevent unauthorised access. Some more new rules like baggage getting scanned has also been introduced, as well as airports using more up-to-date technologies for identity checks. -
Jet Aircraft A380
The Airbus A380 is the worlds largest passenger airliner as it has a double decker and can carry up to 500 passengers. It is known for being vert quiet and fuel-efficient for its size. The A380 has a lot of unique features, like bars, lounges, and even sometimes showers and full fitted bathrooms! Emirates are the biggest operator for the A380, and it has really embraced the aircrafts luxury. Singapore Airlines, BA, Qantas and Lufthansa are also operators of the A380. -
Jet Aircraft B787
The Boeing 787, also known as the Dreamliner is made from lightweight composite materials that help it save fuel. The 787 has unique features like bigger windows, better air quality, and mood lighting, all designed to help reduce jetlag. It is popular with cost-effeteness and with passengers for its comfort. It is also long range, which makes it suitable for long haul and short haul flights. United Airlines, American Airlines, and Japan Airlines are all operators of the B787 -
IATA - International Air Transport Association
IATA stands for International Air Transport Association. They help set standards for safety, reliability, and efficiency in the airline industry. IATA also covers important factors like fare prices, ticketing, and baggage allowance rules. They are also involved in planning for the future of air travel. They have a huge role in how airlines and airports work together to make the flying experience smoother. -
AAIB - Air Accidents Investigation Branch
AAIB stands for Air Accidents Investigation Branch. It's an organisation in the UK that investigates aviation accidents and incidents. They work independently to determine the causes of accidents with the goal of improving aviation safety. The AAIB conducts thorough investigations, analyse data, and gather evidence to prevents any similar accidents from happening. They play a crucial role in ensuring the safety of air travel. -
CAA - Civil Aviation Authority
CAA stands for the Civil Aviation Authority. It's the regulatory body in the UK that oversees and regulates all aspects of aviation. They handle things like airline safety, piolet licencing, and air traffic services. The CAA ensures that the aviation industry meets strict safety standards and is responsible for enforcing these regulations. They make sure everything runs smoothly across UK skies and ensures safety for all. They are also involved in environmental issues related to aviation.