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Antebellum
This period caused westward expansion towards the Pacific, a population shift from farms to industrial canters, sectional divisions that ended in Civil Wars, the abolitian of slavery and the growth of feminist and temperance movements. -
George Washington took office
Because of his strategy, Revolutionary forces captured two major British armies at Saratoga in 1777 and Yorktown in 1781. Historians laud Washington for his selection and supervision of his generals, encouragement of morale and ability to hold together the army, coordination with the state governors and state militia units, relations with Congress and attention to supplies, logistics, and training. -
Cotton Economy in the South
There was an increased demand for cotton to export from the South to England and the mills of New England. Plantation owners were able to obtain large tracts of land for little money, particularly after the Indian Removal Act was passed in 1830 -
Louisiana Purchase
A land deal between the United States and France, in which the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million dollars. -
Missouri Compromise
Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. this law prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Territory. In 1854, the Missouri Compromise was repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Three years later the Missouri Compromise was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott decision, which ruled that Congress did not have the authority to prohibit slavery in the territories. -
Kansas- Nebraska Act
created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opening new lands for settlement, and had the effect of repealing the Missouri Compromise of 1820 by allowing settlers in those territories to determine through Popular Sovereignty whether they would allow slavery within each territory -
Dred Scott Decision
In March of 1857, the United States Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, declared that all blacks -- slaves as well as free -- were not and could never become citizens of the United States. The court also declared the 1820 Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, thus permiting slavery in all of the country's territories. -
Fort Sumter
Decades of growing strife between North and South erupted in civil war on April 12, 1861, when Confederate artillery opened fire on this Federal fort in Charleston Harbor. Fort Sumter surrendered 34 hours later. Union forces would try for nearly four years to take it back. -
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Civil War
Conflict erupted between the North and South after Lincoln was elected president in 1860. Eleven southern states seceded from the Union, collectively turning their back on the idea of a single American nation. More than 600,000 soldiers were killed on April 1st 1861 -
Battle of Bull Run
Northern public clamored for a march against the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, which they expected to bring an early end to the rebellion. The Confederates launched a strong counterattack, and as the Union troops began withdrawing under fire, many panicked and the retreat turned into a rout. The battle eneded up being a lot bloodier and longer than both sides had anticipated. -
Battle of Antietam (Battle of Sharpsburg)
It is the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with 22,717 dead, wounded, and missing on both sides combined. The Confederate troops had withdrawn first from the battlefield, making it, in military terms, a Union victory. It had significance as enough of a victory to give President Abraham Lincoln the confidence to announce his Emancipation Proclamation, which discouraged the British and French governments from potential plans for recognition of the Confederacy -
Appomattox Court House
Lee was determined tonmake one last attempt to escape the closing Union pincers and reach his supplies at Lynchburg. The arrival of Union infantry, however, stopped the advance in its tracks. Lee’s army was now surrounded on three sides. Lee surrendered to Grant on April 9. This was the final engagement of the war in Virginia. -
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Reconstruction
The goal of Reconstruction was to readmit the South on terms that were acceptable to the North- full political and civil equality for blacks and a denial of the political rights of whites who were the leaders of the secession movement. -
15th Amendment
The 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which gave the right to vote to black males, became law when the required number of states ratified it. -
Cannon Act
The Ohio Legislature passes the Cannon Act, thereby establishing the Ohio Agriculture and Mechanical College -
Yellowstone Created
Yellowstone National Park was established as the first National Park in the United States. -
US President Election
The United States presidential election of 1876 was disputed and became the most controversial American election until the election of 2000. -
Electoral Commission
An electoral commission was formed to settle the disputed presidential election of 1876 results in the Compromise of 1877. Rutherford B. Hayes was declared the winner of the election, and Reconstruction was effectively brought to an end.
