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13th amendment
Abolished slaverly -
14th amendment
Grants citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" -
15th Amendment
Grants African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." -
Plessey vs. Ferguson
The Supreme Court case, since overturned by Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which upheld the constitutionality of “separate, but equal facilities” based on race. -
Mendez vs. Westminster
School District of Orange County was a 1947 federal court case that challenged racial segregation in Orange County, California schools. -
Delgado vs Bastrop
Until the late 1940s the public education system in Texas for Mexican Americans offered segregated campuses with often minimal facilities and a curriculum frequently limited to vocational training. -
Executive Order 9981
issued on July 26, 1948 by President Harry S. Truman. It abolished racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces and eventually led to the end of segregation in the services. -
Sweatt vs Painter
(1950), was a U.S. Supreme Court case that successfully challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine of racial segregation established by the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson. -
Hernandez vs Texas
was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that decided that Mexican Americans and all other racial groups in the United States had equal protection under the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. -
Brown vs Board of Education
was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional -
Civil Rights Act 1957
enacted September 9, 1957, primarily a voting rights bill, was the first civil rights legislation passed by Congress in the United States since the 1866 and 1875 Acts. -
24th Amendment
prohibiting any poll tax in elections for federal officials. -
Civil Rights Act 1964
A federal law that authorized federal action against segregation in public accommodations, public facilities, and employment. -
Voting Rights Act 1965
A law passed at the time of the civil rights movement. It eliminated various devices, such as literacy tests, that had traditionally been used to restrict voting by black people -
Edgewood vs Kirby
the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund filed suit against state Commissioner of Education William Kirby on behalf of the Edgewood Independent School District in San Antonio, citing discrimination against students in poor school districts.
