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Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman was a African American who dedicated her life to the abolition of slavery and led 70+ slaves to freedom as the conductor of the Underground Railroad. September 1849, Tubman was scared her owner would sell her and her brothers, so they escaped but didn't make it far. A couple of months later Tubman escaped, leaving her family behind. she went through Delaware and Pennsylvania settling in Philadelphia. Hearing her niece was getting sold her journey started, helping slaves escape -
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Black History
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Dred Scott ( 1799- September 17, 1858)
An African American man that sued for his freedom along with his wife and Harriet in St. Louis Circuit Court in 1857. This turned into the Dred Scott case (1846-1857) which went all the way to the Supreme Court . The case struck down the Missouri Compromise as unconstitutional. having lived inca free state and territory did not entitle an enslaved person This stunned the nation -
Emancipation Proclamation
A document issued by Abraham Lincoln during the civil war that declared enslaved people in Confederate states were to be set free . Proclamation was a significant step toward to ending slavery in the US and changed the course of the civil war by making the abolition of slavery a goal -
Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow Laws were laws in the Southern United States hat enforced racial segregation. These laws made life harder for African Americans. The laws made segregation in schools, facilities, transportation and other areas in society and were in place until the civil rights movement fought to end them in the 1960's -
Booker T. Washington
Washington was a famous African American leader who believed in education and hard work. He started the Tuskegee institute which was a school that focused on practical skills for black students. He thought black people should focus on getting good jobs and improving their lives instead of fighting for equal rights. His ideas made him a key figure in the fight for African American advancement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries -
The Great Migration
A significant movement of African Americans from the rural South to the North of the United States between the early 20th century. So many black people left the South to escape racial discrimination and segregation. They sought better jobs and living conditions in Northern cities. This Migration transformed American society having growth in black communities and shaping the political landscape of the country -
Harlem Renaissance
Harlem Renaissance was a cultural and artistic movement that took place in New York City It celebrated African American music, art, theater, and literature showcasing the talent and creativity of black artist and writers. African Americans produced works that addressed social and political issues facing the black community -
Scottsboro Boys
Nine African American teenage boys who were falsely accused of raping two white women in Alabama in 1931. They were convicted by all white juries and faced harsh sentences, some including death. This case became a symbol of racial injustice and sparked the national and international outrage. This case remains a powerful reminder of racism and injustice within the American legal system -
Civil Rights Movement
Civil Rights movement aimed to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans securing their rights as citizens with a nonviolent protest. notable events like the Montgomery bus Boycott which was led by Rosa Parks and the March on Washington which was led by Martin Luther King Jr. -
Rosa Parks
Parks was an African American women who refused to give up her seat to a white passenger on a segregation, sparking the Montgomery Bus Boycott. This inspired others to protest against racial segregation. Her bravery and determination helped bring attention to the injustices of segregation . Blacks stopped riding buses until they were treated fairly which helped change some laws -
Freedom Rides
Activists who were black and white that rode buses together in the Southern United States in 1961 to challenge segregation on interstate buses and bus terminals. facing a lot of violence and arrest but remain committed. Their actions helped bring changes in laws -
March on Washington
In 1963, 250,000 people gathered Washington, D.C. to demand civil rights and economic equality for African Americans. the protest was peaceful organized by Martin Luther King Jr. and some other activist. During the protest Dr. King gave his famous speech " I Have A Dream". this outlawed discrimination based on color, religion, race, or national origin. -
Civil Rights Act
A landmark piece of legislation passed by the United States congress and signed into law by President Johnson. which aimed to end racial segregation and discrimination in public places and to ensure equal voting rights. It was a victory for the Civil Rights Movement and helped to advance the cause of racial equality in the United States -
Voting Rights Act
A act in 1965 that aimed to stop discrimination in voting, poll taxes, and literacy tests. The law ensured that all citizens could participate in the democratic process with obstacles. This played a vital role in expanding access to voting for millions of Americans and continues to protect voting rights today -
Black Power Movement
A movement that aimed to empower African Americans and challenge racial injustice. it emphasized black pride , autonomy, self-determination, and rejecting non-violent tactics to racism. The movement left a lasting impact on society, identity, reshaping conversations around race, activism -
Black Panther Party
A group started in 1966 by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale to fight for black people rights. They believed in self-defense so they started programs like free breakfast for kids and heath clinics to help their communities.. They were a powerful symbol of black pride and activism. -
Shirley Chisholm
Chisholm became the first woman elected to US Congress. She than ran for president, this made her the first black woman to seek the nomination. She fought for fair treatment for everyone but especially for women and colored people. -
Rodney King
In 1992 Rodney King was brutally beaten by officers which was recorded . this sparked outrage and led to highly publicized trial. The officers who beat him wasn't acquitted. which started protest and riots in 1992. This highlighted issues of police brutality and racial injustice in the US. King's case brought attention to the need for police reform and racial equality -
Barack Obama
First African American president of the United States. this broke history as Obama worked as a community organizer and served as a senator from Illinois before running for president. His leadership emphasized unity and hope. His presidency marked a significant milestone in American History. In 2012 he served his second term untl 2017 -
Juneteenth
A Emancipation day or freedom day that happened in june 19, 1865 when Union soldiers arrived in Texas announcing the end of slavery in the US. it celebrates the emancipation of enslaved African americans and the struggle for equality and civil rights . This marked various events like picnics, parades, community gatherings. Juneteenth became a celebration on June 19, 2021 making it 2 years and 8 months of celebrating each June