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Trans-Siberian Railway Built
One of the largest accomplishments of the 19th and early 20th centuries was the construction of the Trans Siberian railway. Full-time construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway began in 1891 and was put into execution and overseen by Sergei Witte, who was then finance minister. -
Czar Nicholas II Became the leader of Russia
He started a build up of Russia's industry, russia quickly became the leading producer of steel -
Russian Marxists Split into Mensheviks & Bolsheviks
The result was a division between the two camps. Lenin and his supporters gained a majority on the central committee and, even though it was only a temporary majority and his faction was firmly in the minority, they took for themselves the name Bolshevik, meaning ‘Those of the Majority. Their opponents, the faction led by Martov, thus became known as Mensheviks, ‘those of the Minority’, despite being the overall larger faction. -
Bloody Sunday in Russia
About 200,000 workers and their families approached the Winter Palace. They carried a petition asking for better working conditions, more personal freedom, and an elected national legislature. The generals and police chiefs ordered the soliders to fire on the crowd and killed 500-1,000 unarmed people. -
Russo-Japanese War Began
They both competed for control of Korea and Manchuria, the two nations signed t series of agreements over the territories, but Russia broke them. In relation, Japan attacked the Russians at Port Arthur, Manchuria -
Albert Einstein Developed The Theory of Relativity
Einstein completely changed physics with his ideas about time, space, and energy. -
Kuomintang was Created
Kuomintang was amoung the groups pushing for modernization and nationalization (after the fall of the Qing Dynasty) -
Sun Yixian Became President of China
He wanted political and econmoical rights for all chinese people. He also wanted to put an end to the foreign contol. -
March Revolution in Russia
Then the members of the Duma joined the rebellion; they forced the Tsar to abdicate -
Czar Nicholas II Abicted
There was progress, but working conditions were poor, wages were low, and children were forced to worrk . Revolutionary groups wanted to ooverthrow the government. -
The Bolsehvik Revolution
to win peasants support, lenin ordered all farmland to be given to them. he made a peace treaty with germany giving them large amounts of land in exchange for getting out of the war. -
Vladimir Lenin became the leader of Russia
Vladimir Lenin was the architect of the Soviet state and a founder of the Russian Communist Party which initiated the Bolshevik Revolution. His policies led to the development of the doctrine of Leninism which was later conjoined and codified with the work of Marx, his successor, producing the ideology known as Marxism-Leninism. He plotted the Bolshevik Revolution of Russia in 1917. Later he took over the leadership of the newly formed Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). -
Russian Civil War Began
Russia’s October Revolution of 1917 produced a civil war between the Bolshevik government – who had just seized power - and a number of rebel armies. This civil war is often said to have started in 1918, but bitter fighting began in 1917. -
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Though in a weak position, the Bolsheviks stated that they desired "peace without annexations or indemnities," meaning an end to the fighting without loss of land or reparations. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk brought about the end of the war between Russia and Germany in 1918. The German were reminded of the harshness of Brest-Litovsk when they complained about the severity of the Treaty of Versailles signed in June 1919 -
The League of Nations was created
League of Nations, an organization conceived in similar circumstances during the first World War, and established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles "to promote international cooperation and to achieve peace and security." -
Weimar Republic
Germany new democratic government was known as the Weimar Republic. It had a series of weaknesses from the start -
May forth Movement Began
when the war ended, chinese communist were disappointed because the treaty of versailles did not give china freedom from other foreign influence. The parts of China that had been contolled by Germany were handed over to Japan. -
New Economic Policy Enforced in Russia
The NEP represented a more capitalism-oriented economic policy, deemed necessary after the Russian Civil War of 1917 to 1922, to foster the economy of the country, which was almost ruined.In addition, the NEP abolished forced grain requisition and introduced a tax on farmers, payable in the form of raw agricultural product. -
Adolf Hitler Became the leader of the Nazi Party
The executive committee of the Nazi Party eventually backed down and Hitler's demands were put to a vote of the party members. Hitler received 543 votes for, and only one against.
At the next gathering, July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler was introduced as Führer of the Nazi Party, marking the first time that title was publicly used to address him. -
Washington Conference
Held in Washington, D.C., the conference resulted in the drafting and signing of several major and minor treaty agreements. -
Joseph Stalin became the leader of the USSR
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was the leader (Premier) of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-1953), a position which had later become that of party leader. -
Russia Became the USSR
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a socialist state on the Eurasian continent that existed between 1922 and 1991, governed as a single-party state by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital. -
Benito Mussolini Became the leader of Italy
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was an Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party, ruling the country as Prime Minister from 1922 until his ousting in 1943. He ruled constitutionally until 1925, when he dropped all pretense of democracy and set up a legal dictatorship. Known as Il Duce ("the leader"), Mussolini was one of the key figures in the creation of fascism. -
Dawes Plan Started
The Dawes Plan was an attempt in 1924 to solve the reparations problem, which had bedeviled international politics following World War I and the Treaty of Versailles. -
Adolf Hitler Wrote Mein Kamph
This book set forth his beliefs and his goals for Germany. It became the blueprint for the Nazis. -
Jiang Jieshi Became leader of the Koumintang
In 1926, Chiang led the Northern Expedition to unify the country, becoming China's nominal leader. -
Hirohito Became The Emperor of Japan
Keeping Emperor Hirohito as head of the state won popular support for the army leaders who ruled in his name. -
Charles Lindbergh's Solo Flight across the Atlantic
Charles Lindbergh flew alone across the Atlantic ocean -
Civil War in China Began
The Chinese Civil War was a civil war in China fought between forces loyal to the government of the Republic of China led by the Kuomintang and forces of the Communist Party of China.The war began in April 1927, amidst the Northern Expedition and essentially ended when major active battles ceased in 1950 -
Five Year Plan Began
The Five-Year Plans for the National Economy of the Soviet Union were a series of nation-wide centralized economic plans in the Soviet Union. The plans were developed by a state planning committee based on the Theory of Productive Forces that was part of the general guidelines of the Communist Party for economic development. -
Kellogg-Briand Pact Signed
Kellogg-Briand Pact condemed "recourse to war for the solution of international controversies." It is more properly known as the Pact of Paris. -
Great Depression Began
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in 1930 and lasted until the late 1930s or middle 1940s. It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. -
Japan invaded Manchuria
The Kwantung Army of the Empire of Japan invaded Manchuria immediately following the Mukden Incident. -
Adolf Hitler Became Chancellor of Germany
On this day in 1933, President Paul von Hindenburg names Adolf Hitler, leader or fÜhrer of the National Socialist German Workers Party (or Nazi Party), as chancellor of Germany. -
The New Deal Started
Roosevelt created this program of reform imediately after becoming president. Large public works project helped to provide jobs for the unemployed. -
The Holocaust Began
Nazis proclaimed that Aryans or germanic people were a master race. It first started with ugly campaign propaganda for anit-semitism which everntually flared into persecution across Germany -
Great Purge Began
Stalin turned against members of the communist party and launched the Great Purge-- a campaign of terror. -
The Long March
In October 1934, during a civil war, embattled Chinese Communists broke through Nationalist enemy lines and began an epic flight from their encircled headquarters in southwest China. -
Adolf Hitler Defied the Treaty of Versailles
He immediately convened a Cabinet meeting and also assembled members of the Army's General Staff. He then announced a major decision he had just come to – Germany would openly defy the military limitations set by the Treaty of Versailles and re-arm. -
US Congress passed the Neutrility Act
In the 1930s, the United States Government enacted a series of laws designed to prevent the United States from being embroiled in a foreign war by clearly stating the terms of U.S. neutrality. Although many Americans had rallied to join President Woodrow Wilson’s crusade to make the world “safe for democracy” in 1917, by the 1930s critics argued that U.S. involvement in the First World War had been driven by bankers and munitions traders with business interests in Europe. -
Italy Invaded Ethiopia
The aim of invading Ethiopia was to boost Italian national prestige, which was wounded by Ethiopia's defeat of Italian forces at the Battle of Adowa in the nineteenth century (1896), which saved Ethiopia from Italian colonisation. -
Germany Reoccupied the Rhineland
Nazi leader Adolf Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Pact by sending German military forces into the Rhineland, a demilitarized zone along the Rhine River in western Germany. -
Fransico Franco Led a Facist Revolt in Spain
Franco received military support from local fascist, monarchist and right-wing groups, and also from Hitler's Nazi Germany and Mussolini's Fascist Italy. Leaving half a million dead, the war was eventually won by Franco in 1939. -
Rome-Berlin Axis
An agreement formulated by Italy’s foreign minister Galeazzo Ciano informally linking the two fascist countries was reached on October 25, 1936. It was formalized by the Pact of Steel in 1939. -
Japan invaded China
japan was over crowded and did not have enough materials or oil. the Japanese captured part of china in 1931, and in 1937 they invaded the center of china -
Rape of Nanking
The population of Nanking was subjected to an uncontrolled butchery that came to be known as "the Rape of Nanking." -
Hitler Hosted the Munich Conference
British prime minister believed that he could preserve peace by giving in to Hitler's demand. Britain and France agreed that Hitler could take the Studetland, but in exchange, Hitler pledged to respect Czech's new borders. -
Kristallnacht Began
Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, synagogues all across Germany and murdered around 100 Jews. ( night of the broken glass) -
Sitzkreig Began
The Phoney War was a phase early in World War II that was marked by a lack of major military operations by the Western Allies against the German Reich.the period had also been referred to as the Twilight War -
Nazi Soviet Pact Signed
On August 23, 1939, representatives from Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union met and signed the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, which guaranteed that the two countries would not attack each other. The pact was broken when Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union less than two years later, on June 22, 1941. -
Germany Invaded Poland
Was an invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the beginning of World War II in Europe. -
Battle of Britain
Hitler turned to the invasion of Great Britain. His plan was to knock out the royal air force, and the land 250,000 soliders on Englands shores. However despite the destruction and loss of life, the British fought on. -
Winston Churchill Became the prime minister of Great Britain
with the fall of France, GB stood alone against the Nazis. Winston Churhill had already declared that his nation would never give in -
Tripartie Pact Signed
On this day in 1940, the Axis powers are formed as Germany, Italy, and Japan become allies with the signing of the Tripartite Pact in Berlin. The Pact provided for mutual assistance should any of the signatories suffer attack by any nation not already involved in the war. -
Allies Evacuate Dunkirk
The evacuation removed Allied soldiers, primarily Belgian, French, and British, who had been cut off by the German army during the Battle of Dunkirk. -
Vichy Government Established in France
The Vichy regime was the French government which succeeded the Third Republic from July 1940 to August 1944. It was proclaimed by Marshal Philippe Pétain following the military defeat of France -
Lend-Lease Act
Seeking to move the nation towards a more active role in the conflict, Roosevelt wished to provide Britain with all possible aid short of war.To ease Britain's shortage of war materials, Roosevelt pushed for the creation of the Lend-Lease Program. -
Atlantic Carter
Churchill and Roosevelt issused a staement which supported the free trade and right of people to form their own government. -
Hitler Enacted the Final Solution
Hitler soon got tired of waiting for the Jews to strave or die off diseases in the ghettos. Hitlers plan was the final solution to what the Nazis called the "Jewish Problem" also anyone else to protect the "purity" of the Aryan race -
Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa was the German codename for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II, which commenced on June 22, 1941. It was to be the turning point for the fortunes of Adolf Hitler's Third Reich, in that the failure of Operation Barbarossa arguably resulted in the eventual overall defeat of Nazi Germany. -
Auschwitz Death Camp Opened
There were up to seven gas chambers using Zyklon-B poison gas and three crematoria.The estimated number of deaths: 2.1 to 2.5 million killed in gas chambers, of whom about 2 million were Jews, and Poles, Gypsies and Soviet POWs. About 330,000 deaths from other causes. -
Japanese Attack Peral Harbor
The japanese navy began a surprise attack on peral harbor. in just 2 hours, japanese planes had sunk or damaged a major part of the US specific fleet, 18 ships including 8 battle ships. the next day congress declared war on Japan. -
The US declared War on Japan
The United States Congress declared war upon the Empire of Japan in response to that country's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor the prior day. -
Chelmno Concentration Camp Opened
The entire Jewish population from the Warthegau was to be exterminated there by means of poisonous gases. -
Nisei were Entered in Relocation Centers in the U.S.
Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066. The evacuation order commenced the round-up of 120,000 Americans of Japanese heritage to one of 10 internment camps—officially called "relocation centers" -
Island Hopping Campaign
The idea was to capture certain key islands, one after another, until Japan came within range of American bombers. Led by General Douglas MacArthur, Commander of the Allied forces in the Southwest Pacific, and Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, Commander-in-Chief of the Pacific Fleet, the first stage of the offensive began with the Navy under Nimitz, and Marine landings on Guadalcanal and nearby islands in the Solomons -
Manhattan Project Began
Manhattan prject was the decoy name the United States used in planning to develope and use the atomic bomb. (1942-1945) -
Battle of Stalingrad
German troops invaded the soviet city of Stalingard. The red army forced the germans to surrender in febrary 1943 -
Battle of Guadalcanal
Was a military campaign fought between 7 August 1942 and 9 February 1943 on and around the island of Guadalcanal in the Pacific theatre of World War II. It was the first major offensive by Allied forces against the Empire of Japan. -
Doolittle Raids over Japan
The Doolittle Raid, also known as the Tokyo Raid, on 18 April 1942, was an air raid by the United States on the Japanese capital Tokyo and other places on Honshu island during World War II, the first air raid to strike the Japanese Home Islands. It demonstrated that Japan itself was vulnerable to American air attack, was retaliation for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, provided an important boost to U.S. morale, and damaged Japanese morale -
Battle of the Coral Sea
The Battle of the Coral Sea, fought in the waters southwest of the Solomon Islands and eastward from New Guinea, was the first of the Pacific War's six fights between opposing aircraft carrier forcesThe Coral Sea action resulted from a Japanese amphibious operation intended to capture Port Moresby, located on New Guinea's southeastern coast. A Japanese air base there would threaten northeastern Australia and support plans for further expansion into the South Pacific -
Batlle of Midway
The Battle of Midway, fought over and near the tiny U.S. mid-Pacific base at Midway atoll. After Midway, the two opposing fleets were essentially equals, and the United States soon took the offensive. -
Operation Torch
It was, therefore, not much of a second front—the Russian were certain to complain that an action in North Africa provided only minimal help. But it was something.Therefore on 8 November 1942, 124,000 British and American troops landed at Casablanca in Morocco, and Oran and Algiers in Algeria. -
Casablanca Conference
From 14 to 24 January 1943, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston S. Churchill, together with their military staffs, met in Casablanca, French Morocco. The conferees agreed to pursue military operations in Sicily, to continue the heavy bombing offensive against Germany, and to establish a combined staff in London to plan a large invasion of France across the English Channel. -
Battle of El Alamein
The Allied victory at El Alamein lead to the retreat of the Afrika Korps and the German surrender in North Africa in May 1943. -
Kamikaze Piolets Appear in the Pacific
Kamikaze were Japanese suicide pilots who attacked Allied warships in the Pacific Ocean during the Second World War.During 1943 and 1944 Allied forces were moving towards Japan quickly.They did not have the industries that the Americans did. The Japanese admirals realized that it was almost impossible to win against the Allied troops with few aircraft and not enough good pilots. -
Allies Landed in Sicily
On July 10, 1943, the Allies begin their invasion of Axis-controlled Europe with landings on the island of Sicily, off mainland Italy. -
Tehran Conference
Desperate to make a conference happen, Roosevelt conceded several points to Stalin, including choosing a location that was convenient to the Soviet leader. Agreeing to meet in Tehran, Iran on November 28, 1943, the three leaders planned to discuss D-Day, war strategy, and defeating Japan -
Battle of The Bulge
Hitler ordered his army to make one final large-scale attack in the west. Battle of the Bulge punched through the allied forces until a counter attack forced them back to Germany. -
Operation Overload (D Day)
Operation Overlord was the code-name given to the Allied invasion of France scheduled for June 1944.Operation Overlord required the type of logistical issues that no army had ever had to cope with before and the plan was for the Allies to have landed a vast amount of both men and equipment by the end of D-Day itself. -
Gen. Macarthur returned to the Phillippines (Leyte Gulf)
After struggling against great odds to save his adopted home from Japanese conquest, MacArthur was forced to abandon the Philippine island fortress of Corregidor under orders from President Franklin Roosevelt in March 1942. a few hours after his troops landed, MacArthur waded ashore onto the Philippine island of Leyte. That day, he made a radio broadcast in which he declared, "People of the Philippines, I have returned!" -
Battle of Iwo Jima
The Battle of Iwo Jima was the United States capture of the island of Iwo Jima from Japan, producing some of the fiercest fighting in the Pacific Campaign of World War II. -
Hitler Committed Suicide
By late April 1945, soviet troops surrounded Berlin, Hitler's headquarters and five days later he killed himself -
Germany Surrendered
A week after hitler's death, the germans surrender -
Mussilini was executed
In late April 1945, with total defeat looming, Mussolini attempted to escape north,only to be quickly captured and summarily executed near Lake Como by Italian partisans. His body was then taken to Milan where it was hung upside down at a service station for public viewing and to provide confirmation of his demise -
Japan Surrendered
But in early August 66 years ago, America unveiled a terrifying new weapon, dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In a matter of days, the Japanese submitted, bringing the fighting, finally, to a close. -
Battle of Okinawa
The Battle of Okinawa is distinguished among battles, yet often unrecognized when referring to the great battles of the Second World War. Over 250,000 people lost their lives. Approximately 150,000 Okinawans, about a third of the population, perished -
Yalta Conference
Seeking a neutral site for the meeting, Roosevelt suggested a gathering somewhere on the Mediterranean.In lieu of the Mediterranean, Stalin proposed the Black Sea resort of Yalta. Eager to meet face to face, Roosevelt agreed to Stalin's request. As the leaders traveled to Yalta, Stalin was in the strongest position as Soviet troops were a mere forty miles from Berlin -
V-E Day
On this day in 1945, both Great Britain and the United States celebrate Victory in Europe Day. Cities in both nations, as well as formerly occupied cities in Western Europe, put out flags and banners, rejoicing in the defeat of the Nazi war machine -
Potsdam Conference
The Big Three—Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (replaced on July 26 by Prime Minister Clement Attlee), and U.S. President Harry Truman—met in Potsdam, Germany, from July 17 to August 2, 1945, to negotiate terms for the end of World War II. -
Atomic Bomb Dropped on Hiroshima
The United States becomes the first and only nation to use atomic weaponry during wartime when it drops an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.On August 6, 1945, the American bomber Enola Gay dropped a five-ton bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. A blast equivalent to the power of 15,000 tons of TNT reduced four square miles of the city to ruins and immediately killed 80,000 people. Tens of thousands more died in the following weeks from wounds and radiation poison -
Atomic Bomb dropped on Nagaski
"Fat Man" was the codename for the type of atomic bomb that was detonated over Nagasaki, Japan, by the United States on 9 August 1945. It was the second of only two nuclear weapons ever used in warfare, the first being Little Boy, and its detonation caused the third man-made nuclear explosion. -
V-J Day
On August 14, 1945, it was announced that Japan had surrendered unconditionally to the Allies, effectively ending World War II. Since then, both August 14 and August 15 have been known as “Victoryover Japan Day,” or simply “V-J Day.” -
Nuremberg Trials
To make sure the crimes never happened again, an International Military Tribunal representing 23 nations put Nazi war criminals on trial in Nuremberg Germany
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