Jewish and Roman History timeline

990 BCE

King David brings the tribes of Israel together. David captures Jerusalem, which he makes his capital - bringing here the ark of the covenant.
960 BCE

King Solomon builds the Temple
722 BCE

The Assyrians bring the ten northern tribes into slavery
586 BCE

The Babylonians take the two southern tribes into slavery after destroying the city.
580 BCE

The Synagogue, basically a smaller temple, is invented
550 BCE

The Messiah is viewed as an end to the Israelite's captivity.
539 BCE

The southern tribes are allowed to return, and start reconstructing the temple.
332 BCE

Land conquered by Alexander the Great; Hellenistic rule.
280 BCE

The Jews of Alexandria commission the Greek translation of the Old Testament which becomes known as the Septuagint.
Period: 214 BCE to 205 BCE

First Macedonian War: Rome defeats Philip V of Macedon.
Period: 200 BCE to 196 BCE

Second Macedonian War: Roman victory.
168 BCE

Antiochus IV places a statue of Zeus above the altar of the Temple in Jerusalem, provoking violent reactions from the Jews
165 BCE

The Jewish leader Judas the Maccabee captures Jerusalem and cleanses the Temple
142 BCE

Jewish autonomy under Hasmoneans.
141 BCE

Simon the Maccabee is appointed high priest of the Temple in Jerusalem, with the position declared hereditary in his family
140 BCE

The priestly Sadducees are confronted in the Sanhedrin by a new opposition party - the Pharisees
100 BCE

The Essenes, a Jewish sect, withdraw from secular life to form monastic communities in the desert
63 BCE

Pompey captures Jerusalem, bringing Judaea under Roman control
37 BCE

Herod, appointed king of Judaea by the senate in Rome, establishes his rule over Palestine
20 BCE

Herod the Great, king of Judaea, begins to build a spectacular new Temple for the Jews on the sacred mount in Jerusalem
5 BCE

Birth of Jesus
33

Death of Jesus
66

The Zealots play a prominent part in the uprising which expels the Romans from Jerusalem
70

The city of Jerusalem is besieged and captured by Rome; the Second Temple destroyed.
73

The last of the Jewish insurgents are besieged in the stronghold of Masada, eventually killing each other to end their ordeal

King David brings the tribes of Israel together. David captures Jerusalem, which he makes his capital - bringing here the ark of the covenant.

King Solomon builds the Temple

The Assyrians bring the ten northern tribes into slavery

The Babylonians take the two southern tribes into slavery after destroying the city.

The Synagogue, basically a smaller temple, is invented

The Messiah is viewed as an end to the Israelite's captivity.

The southern tribes are allowed to return, and start reconstructing the temple.

Land conquered by Alexander the Great; Hellenistic rule.

The Jews of Alexandria commission the Greek translation of the Old Testament which becomes known as the Septuagint.

First Macedonian War: Rome defeats Philip V of Macedon.

Second Macedonian War: Roman victory.

Antiochus IV places a statue of Zeus above the altar of the Temple in Jerusalem, provoking violent reactions from the Jews

The Jewish leader Judas the Maccabee captures Jerusalem and cleanses the Temple

Jewish autonomy under Hasmoneans.

Simon the Maccabee is appointed high priest of the Temple in Jerusalem, with the position declared hereditary in his family

The priestly Sadducees are confronted in the Sanhedrin by a new opposition party - the Pharisees

The Essenes, a Jewish sect, withdraw from secular life to form monastic communities in the desert

Pompey captures Jerusalem, bringing Judaea under Roman control

Herod, appointed king of Judaea by the senate in Rome, establishes his rule over Palestine

Herod the Great, king of Judaea, begins to build a spectacular new Temple for the Jews on the sacred mount in Jerusalem

Birth of Jesus

Death of Jesus

The Zealots play a prominent part in the uprising which expels the Romans from Jerusalem

The city of Jerusalem is besieged and captured by Rome; the Second Temple destroyed.

The last of the Jewish insurgents are besieged in the stronghold of Masada, eventually killing each other to end their ordeal