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Southeast Culture Happening in 1780
the Southeast culture area had already lost many of its native people to disease and displacement -
Naturalization Act
Only a "free white person" can become a U.S. citizen. -
Andrew Jackson Is Elected President
Elected the seventh president of the United States as the "people's president," as he founded the Democratic Party, believed in a meritocratic system of promotion within the government, favored strong federal policies in the face of the Nullification Crisis (SC tried to nullify a tariff law), expanded the powers of the Executive→ “despot”?, and was the first president to use the veto -
Indian Removal Act of 1830
The federal government had the power to exchange Native-held land in the Southeast for land to the west, in the Indian Territory (Oklahoma) The government could not coerce tribes to move and had to act peacefully and fairly. However, AJ and his admin often ignored this -
Samuel Worcester's Statute Violation
In 1831 Samuel Worcester (and others, all non-Native Americans) were indicted by Georgia for violating a statute that stated they could not live within the limits of the Cherokee without a license -
Choctaw is Expelled From Land
In the winter of 1831, under threat of invasion by the U.S. Army, the Choctaw became the first nation to be expelled from its land altogether. They traveled on foot without any food, supplies or other help from the government. Thousands of people died along the way -
Creeks+Cherokee Expelled From Their Land
In 1836, the federal government drove the Creeks and Cherokee from their land. 3,500 of the 15,000 Creeks who set out for Oklahoma did not survive the trip. -
Cherokee Protest Fail
Many Cherokee protested and did not leave, so in 1838 Gen. Winfield Scott rounded up those that remained and forced them to march 1200 miles at bayonet-point -
Geronimo's Side He Fought For
Fought mostly in Apache-American conflict that generated from white settlers occupying on Apache lands after the war ended with Mexico where he took part of raids consisted of stealing livestock for economic purposes, and the capture and killing of victims from all sides. -
Indian Appropriations Act of 1851
In order to control indigenous people, Congress passed the Indian Appropriations Act of 1851. Formally created reservations to “protect” indigenous people. Native people were not allowed to leave without permission -
U.S. Trade Relations
U.S. trade relations are established with Japan after the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate (last feudal Japanese military government.) -
End of Japanese Protectionist Policy
The Tokugawa shogunate ends, meaning that the protectionist policy that had prevented Japanese from leaving Japan for more than 350 years came to an end. -
Japanese Emigration to U.S.
Japanese start to move to Hawai'i, and then spread to the West Coast. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
In response to the rising Chinese population in on the West Coast, Congress passed this act that barred Chinese people from becoming U.S. citizens, and shortly after Chinese workers were banned from entering the U.S. -
Geronimo's Surrender
Geronimo surrendered in 1886 and was imprisoned in Fort Sill, OK (where he eventually died) It took a ¼ of the US Army to capture him. -
The Dawes Act of 1887
Congress passed this act in order to help assimilate indigenous people faster and improve their quality of life. It allowed the government to divide reservations into small plots of land for individual Indians, while the rest was sold which led to decreased land owned by Indians, starvation, spread of diseases, no supplies to reap a harvest, decimated hunting practices, reshaping gender roles. ( men were forced to farm, and women took on more domestic roles) -
Chinese + Japanese School Segregation
San Fransisco Board of Education did not want "the white children to be affected by students of the Mongolian race", leading to Asian students being barred from attending white schools. -
Geronimo's Imprisonment Life
During his lifetime/imprisonment he began making a name for himself. He also sold autographed photos of himself. And he rode on a horse in President Theodore Roosevelt’s inaugural parade -
Gentleman's Agreement
U.S. would not make an immigration policy that excluded all Japanese immigrants if Japan agreed to issue fewer passports for day laborers who wanted to come to the U.S. -
Naturalization Act Extension
The Supreme Court extends the act to exclude Asian people from becoming citizens. -
Alien Land Law
Prohibited Japanese nationals from owning property. In response, Japanese nationals bought land under the name of their U.S. born children. In response to THAT, the act was strengthened to limit the transfer of land to minors in 1920. -
National Origins Act of 1924
Built upon a 1921 law that lowered immigration quotas from Europe, this 1924 revision was made to also exclude people from Asian countries. The act said that they were "aliens" and "ineligible for foreign citizenship." Lasted until 1952. -
Samuel Worcester's Statute Violation Continued In Supreme Court
Samuel Worcester's statute violation made it all the way to Supreme Court, where it was agreed that "they are in direct hostility with treaties, repeated in a succession of years, which mark out the boundary that separates the Cherokee country from Georgia; guaranty to them all the land within their boundary; solemnly pledge the faith of the United States to restrain their citizens from trespassing on it; and recognize the preexisting power of the Nation to govern itself." -
Geronimo's Movie
Geronimo had a movie made about him and the effort required to capture him -
Period: to
Post War Of Navajo Code
Code remained unbroken throughout the war.
(09/01/1939-09/02/1945) AND was declassified in 1968 -
Bombing of Pearl Harbor
Japanese bomb naval base in Pearl Harbor, Hawai'i. -
FDR Gives Speech in Response to Pearl Harbor
FDR gives a speech in response to Pearl Harbor, "a date which will live in infamy." FDR declares that Pearl Harbor was deliberately done to the U.S. to cause harm. Says that as a nation, we will get through this, and we will also prevent this from happening again. -
Dept. of Justice Declares Japanese Invasion
U.S. Department of Justice issues a report that claims "a large scale Japanese invasion was imminent, and the Japanese Americans on Hawai'i were committing acts of sabotage." General who was on Hawai'i wrote back that this was based on rumors and lies. -
First Court Case over Incarceration
Lawyer James Purcell selects Mitsuye Endo as the plaintiff in the first court case against incarceration. Endo was a state employee with a brother in the U.S. army. She could neither speak nor write Japanese, and she had never been to Japan. -
Navajo Code Suggestion/Continuation
Philip Johnston, a non-Native American who grew up on a reservation, suggested creating a code out of Navajo languages which led to a Code Talking School where over 400 Navajo were eventually sent to the school to be trained as official Code Talkers -
Executive Order 9066 - Japanese Removal
FDR signs this after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. This authorizes the forced removal of Japanese Americans living along the West Coast to 10 concentration camps. Justified by arguing that Japanese Americans would not be loyal to the U.S. and cannot be trusted. -
First Forced Removal of Japanese Americans
Took place on Bain Bridge Island in Washington state. Many people had to sell their belongings because they could only take what they could carry. -
Japanese Resist Draft
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Supreme Court Rules on 1st Opposition Case
Supreme Court rules on the first court case against internment. They said that 1) the court reserved the right to label some forms as incarceration as illegal by noting that the War Relocation Authority may have power to detain citizens under certain circumstances, and 2) incarceration of loyal American citizens violated the law. -
Last Concentration Camp Closed
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End of National Origins Act of 1924
National Origins Act of 1924 comes to an end, lifting the ban that prevented Japanese nationals from becoming citizens.