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May 29, 1453
Ottomans conquer Constantinople
The Ottoman Empire, an Islamic empire, conquered Constantinople and took over trade operations in the Middle East. The empire would spread throughout the Middle East and North Africa until 1919. -
Nov 17, 1558
Elizabeth I becomes Queen of England
Elizabeth was queen of England and Ireland from November 17 1558 until her death. In 1558 Elizabeth had also succeeded her half sister to the throne and was set out to rule by a good counsel. -
England defeats the Spanish Armada
They were under the command of Duke of Medina Sidonia to escort an army from Flanders to invade England. It was a Spanish fleet of 130 ships. -
Tokugawa Shogunate
Tokugawa clan takes over imperial Japan and establishes itself as the Shogun. They establish the capital at Kyoto and the rule until 1867. -
The Thirty Years war
The last religious war in history against protestants and catholic states and then later developed into a more general conflict involving most of the great powers. The war ended on May 15,1648, it was the longest and most destructive conflict in European history. -
The English Civil war
Also known as the Great Rebellion. This was a series of armed conflicts between Parliamentarians and Royalists. Lasted from 1642-1651. -
Manchus found the Qing Dynasty in China
The king dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China. It had ruled from 1644 to 1912. It was preceded by Ming dynasty and lasted almost three centuries. -
Peter the Great becomes Czar of Russia
Peter inherited a nation that was severely undeveloped compared to other European countries. But he had undertook extensive reforms to reestablish Russia as a great nation. -
The Industrial Revolution (Jethro Tull, Eli Whitney, James Hargreaves, James Watt, Richard Trevithick)
The Industrial Revolution brought the time where we transitioned to new manufacturing processes. From 1670- 1840. -
Catherine the Great becomes Czarina of Russia
She was the most renowned and longest ruling female in Russia. Under her reign, Russia expanded its territories and modernized, following the lead of western Europe. -
The British colonies of North America declare their Independence
Support for independence had swept away colonies. Great Britain looses there number one colony. The continental congress voted to approve a Virginia motion calling for separation from Britain. -
The French Revolution
The French Revolution was a period of social and political upheaval. They experienced violent periods of political turmoil. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy and established a republic. -
Mexico declares its independence from Spain
This document states which the Mexican empire declared independence from the spanish empire. Mexican conservatives called for independence as a mean of maintaining their privileged position in Mexican society. -
The Napoleonic Age
This was was led by Napoleon, who almost took over all of Europe. These wars were a series of major conflicts, putting down the french empire and its allies. -
The Unification of Italy
The Italian Unification was the political and social movement that formed the two states into a single state of the kingdom of Italy. The process began in 1815 with the congress of vichna and ended when Rome became the capitol of the kingdom of Italy in 1815. -
The Great Reform Bill of 1832
The Great Reform Bill of 1832 led people to voting privileges from the small boroughs controlled by the nobility and gentry to the heavily populated industrial towns. This expanded voting priveliges from the upper levels of property holders to less wealthy and broader parts of the population. -
The Opium Wars
The opium wars were two wars in the mid 19th century involving Anglo-Chinese disputes over British trade in China and China's sovereignty. The wars and events between them weakened the Qing dynasty and forced China to trade with the rest of the world. -
The Great Potato Famine
The great potato famine lasted from 1845-1852 in Ireland. It was a period of mass starvation, disease, and emigration. -
Karl Max and Frederic Engels publish The Communist Manifesto
"The Communist Manifesto" was a political pamphlet that had stated the problems of capitalism and capitalist mode of production. It summarizes Marx and Engels theories of society and politics, and briefly explains how they would replace the capitalist society with socialism. -
The Taiping Rebellion
The tailing rebellion was a massive rebellion that lasted about 14 years, fought against the established Manchu- led Qing dynasty and the mellenarian movement of the heavenly kingdom of peace. Qing had tooken the victory. The war was the longest in China and ranks as one of the bloodiest wars in human history. -
The British Colonization of India
For European exploration, India was one of the main types of trade in the world economy. Later on in 1858 Europe re-established trade links with India making it a major trading port of India. -
Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species
Charles Darwins book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natrul selection. It also includes evidence that Darwin had gathered, his subsequent finding from research, wires providence, and experimentation. -
The Civil War begins in the United States
The Civil War began on April 12, 1861 against the confederate and union soldiers. It was an ongoing conflict between the north and south over the issue of slavery, when southern leadership decided to have a unified separation from the United States. -
The Emancipation Proclamation
This was an executive order issued by preseident Abraham Lincoln on January 1st 1863. It was to change the federal legal status of slaves, for slaves to have freedom. -
The Meiji Restoration
The Meiji restoration was a chain of events that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. The restoration led to enormous changes in Japan's political and social structure, and spanned both the late Edo period and the beginning of the Meiji period. -
The Suez Canal
The Suez Canal was constructed between 1856 and 1869. It's an artificial sea level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez. -
The Unification of Germany
The unification of Germany occurred on January 18,1871. Unification exposed tensions due to religious, linguistic, social, and cultural differences among the inhabitants of the new nation, suggesting that 1871 only represented one moment in a continum of the larger unification process. But by establishing this unification, they temporarily solved the problem of dualism. -
The Berlin Conference
The conference sets up the stage to divide for africa. The conference regulated European colonization and trade in africa. -
The Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese war was fought between the Russian empire and the empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea. Russia suffered numerous defeats by Japan, the complete victory of the Japanese military surprised world observers. -
The Mexican Revolution
The Mexican revolution was a major armed struggle (1910-1920) that radically transformed Mexican culture and government. This armed conflict is often categorized as the most important sociopolitical event in Mexico and one of the greatest upheavals of the 20th century, it resulted in an important program of experimentation and reform in social organization. -
The Chinese Revolution
The Chinese revolution (1911-1912) is when nationalist democratic revolt that overthrew the Qing dynasty in 1912 and created a republic. It was also the culmination of the Chinese communist party's drive to power since its founding in 1921 and the second part of the Chinese civil war. -
World War 1 begins
June 28, 1914 world war 1 broke out. What caused the war would be the assassination of Archduke Frank Ferdinand of Austria. This was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, but also paved the way for major political changes. -
The Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution was a pair of revolutions in Russia 1917, which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the eventual rise of the Soviet Union. The first revolution overthrew the imperial government and the second placed Bolsheviks in power.
