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Jan 1, 1250
Emperor Friedrich II died
After Emperor Friedrich II died, Florence become democratic but fought with their Ghibelline enemies. Which, later caused them to lose up to 10,000 men. -
Jan 1, 1250
The Man of Sorrows and the King of Glory in Italy
The Man of Sorrows and the King of Glory in Italy was written by Lachlan Turnbull in 1250- 1350. It is a type of abstract that follows Jesus Christ in his crucifixion. -
Jan 1, 1250
The Owl and the Nightingale
Also known as Hule and the Nightingale. The author to this poem is unknown. It is basically about a debate between an owl and nightingale. One of the earliest examples of a literary form of debate poetry. -
Jan 1, 1254
Marco Polo
Marco Polo was born in Venice, Italy. -
Jan 1, 1256
Manfred conquered Sicily
Manfred conquered Sicily and became king, but Charles of Anjou defeated and killed him in 1266. -
Jan 1, 1260
Joachite prophecies apocalypse
Joachite prophecies had indicated that 1260 would be the year of the apocalypse, and a hermit of Perugia started the self-flagellating movement that spread south to Rome and north to Lombardy. The mass movement soon died out in Italy; but it spread north of Alps in 1261. -
Jan 1, 1282
Invention of Watermark
Watermark This medieval innovation was first introduced in Fabriano, Italy, in 1282. A watermark is an identifying image or pattern in paper that appears as various shades of lightness/darkness when viewed by transmitted light. -
Jan 1, 1284
Genoa's navy destroyed Pisa
Florence defeated Pisa, which created Guelfs to set up democratic governments. Genoa's navy then destroyed Pisa's fleet and port. -
Jan 1, 1287
Matteo Visconti
Visconti was elected captain and used a private council to increase his power. Later, in 1298, Visconti was named imperial vicar over the Lombard cities. -
Jan 1, 1300
Ancrene Riwle (The Anchoress’s Rule)
Composed by an Augustinian canon for three anchorite sisters. Chapter one is the devotionals that outlines the routine of prayers recommended to the anchorites in general and prayers assigned to hours such as Matins or responses to the Mass. -
Jan 1, 1300
Tuscany, Italy
The region of Tuscany was populated with 2 million people, which it would not reach this high again until 1850. -
Jan 1, 1300
Havelok the Dane and King Horn
Also known as Lay of Havelok the Dane. Havelok is first of Geoffrey Gaimar's Anglo-Norman Estorie des Engles poems. It is the second longest romance poem to exsist. The poem is notable for its interest in law and legal practice and its exploration of ideal kingship. -
Jan 1, 1302
Invention of Dry Compass
Dry Compass was invented by Flavio Gioja, an Italian pilot from Amalfi, has been credited with perfecting the sailor's compass by suspending its needle over a compass card, thus giving the compass its familiar appearance. -
Jan 1, 1305
Lo Sposalizio della Vergine- "The Marriage of the Virgin"
The Marriage of the Virgin was painted by Giotto. It is showing the scenes from the Life of the Virgin. -
Jan 1, 1309
Peruzzi Altarpiece
Done by Giotto di Bondone. Not like most artists at this time, Bondone used more of a naturalistic approach to the human form. He used tempera and a gold leaf on the panel. -
Jan 1, 1315
The Crucifixion
Painting done by Pacino di Bonaguida. It shows a biblical description of the hours before his death when "there was darkness over the whole earth." -
Jan 1, 1320
Entry of Christ into Jerusalem
Done by Pietro Lorenzetti. Entering the city on a donkey symbolizes arrival in peace rather than war-waging king arriving on a horse. -
Jan 1, 1335
Spiritual Laude- Italian Music
Italian flagellants develop the Italian folk hymns known as Spiritual Laude. Rossi Codex, was the earliest extant collection of Italian secular polyphony. -
Jan 1, 1339
Venice Treaty
Venice formed a league and extended its territory by a treaty. They needed land for agriculture and allowed cities to be independent. -
Jan 1, 1340
St. Catherine of Alexandria
St. Catherine of Alexandria was painted by Niccolò di Segna. This piece is one of several saints of a disassembled polyptych of which the center piece was a Madonna. It sets off a sense of religious sensitivity in an impersonal manner.
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