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Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna splits up the Italian states apart. When Italy was invaded by Napoleon, the states were unified under one government. However, when Napoleon was defeated, the powers who defeated him drew a new geopolitical map of Europe for stablishing absolutism and peace. -
Spain as a model
The uprising in Spain is the first of a series of revolutionary acts that spread across Europe in the first half of 1800. A revolt in Cadiz led to a constitution which became a model to the Italian nationalist sentiment. -
Kingdom of Sardinia and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
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Young Italy’s formation (Giovine Italia)
A nationalist group which fought for the unification of Italy, leaded by Giuseppe Mazzini, a writer who was exiled because of his opinions on nationalism. Young Italy was finally formed in 1831. -
Mazzini 1
The political society of the Giovine Italia organized the first revolts. Mazzini’s movement is suppressed and patriots are arrested or exiled. -
Mazzini 2
A new wave of nationalistic revolts broke out and was suppressed again, while Vincenzo Gioberti proposed a unified Italy under the rule of the Pontiff. -
Bandiera Brothers
The Bandiera brothers organized a revolt to create an ‘independent, united and democratic Italian republic with Rome as its capital’. There was not enough support and the acts were suppressed. -
Economic crisis.
The economic crisis from Europe reached the peninsula which increased the costs of food. Moderate reforms were introduced, and all revolutionary attempts were suppressed. -
Revolution
The Congress of Vienna was damaged by a wave of revolutionary sentiment, which reached the states and duchies in Italy, weakening Austria's reign in the peninsula. The first revolts occured in Paris, where the Second Republic was established. -
Revolution
The reactionary armies defeated the constitutional and republican governments estabilished in the last 20 years. Venice falls to Austrian forces thaht have crushed rebellion in Venetia and other northern Italian states. -
Kingdom of Sardinia
The Kingdom of Sardinia approved the Saccardi Laws, damaging ties with the Catholic Church. Garibaldi went to New York in exile and after, the Pope takes control of Pompeii. -
France and Great Britain alliance.
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Alliance with France
Alliance of Italy and france against Austria. After the Congress of Vienna it controlled the Italian Provinces of Venetia and Lombardy in the North. -
The different agreements
Napoleon the IIIrd and Victor Emanuel the lInd agree to form a military alliance against Austria and the second war of independence in Italy breaks out. Once Lombardy is freed from Austria’s rule, many regions ask to be annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia. Fearing a military attack by Prussia, Franz Joseph and Napoleon lll sign an arministice. -
Garibaldi’s expedition
Garibaldi organizes an expedition to liberate the Kingdom of Two Sicilies and the Papal States, they defeat the Bourbon army. Garibaldi hands over power of the Bourbon government to the king and it is annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia. -
Italian state is born
The italian state is born. Victor Emanuel II, the first Italian king, assembles the deputies of the first Italian Parliament. Rome is declared capital of Italy. To the resistant against the saboyans annexed a group of peasants, disappointed by the unification movement, and a bunch of bandits. -
French troops
French troops retreat from the Papal States and Italia renouced to take Rome as its capital. -
The Third War for Independence
Italia allied with Prussia to liberate Venetia, still under Austrian rule. The break out of the third independence war. Prussia won the war and annexed Venetia to Italy. Garibaldi was defeated by the Austrians and was forced to withdraw because the war was already ended. -
Garibaldi and Rome
Garibaldi attempted to conquer Rome with an expedition of volunteers. As the Pope was protected by the French, the expedition was stopped. -
Prussia’s War
France declared the war in Prussia and withdrawed its last troops from Rome. The Italian government sent a military expedition to fight the Papal States. -
The End: Rome as a capital
Rome was made the capital of the Kingdom of Italy. The parliament approved a law which declared the pope the new nation’s spiritual leader.
