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Israel Declares Independence
Tensions rise between the Palestinian Arab population and growing
Jewish Zionist population. Both wanted to have their own
homeland and both were compelled to believe that the land of
Palestine/Israel was their claim After the United Kingdom dissolves its rule over Palestine, the
United Nations decides to develop a plan to organize the territory
between both group’s claims. United Nations passes the Partition Plan for Palestine, dividing
the land 50/50 between Jews and Arabs -
Arab Israeli War
The conflict lasted for 9 months, with Arab Nations claiming first victories but Israeli military forces quickly organized and repelled the invasion. Additionally, Israeli forces moved to occupy Palestinian territory,
displacing the local population and causing Palestinians to flee the country and become refugees in local countries. At the end of the conflict, the Israelis gained much of the partitioned land
that was set for Palestine -
Suez Canal Crisis
Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser declares that he will nationalize the Suez Canal, allowing him to restrict travel and control shipping in the route In response, Israeli forces, with the support of British and French, invade Egypt in the Sinai peninsula to gain forced control of the Suez canal Israelis capture canal, however are pushed to withdraw by the United States, Soviet Union, and the United Nations due to their unwarranted attack. -
Formation of the PLO
In 1964, Palestinian refugees in Egypt organized, formed the Palestinian Liberation
Organization (PLO) with the goal of liberating the state of Palestine from Israel. To do so,
they called for armed struggle and attacks against the citizens of Israel. In 1969, Yasser Arafat became the leader of the PLO and organized attacks against Israelis multiple bus bombings, airline hijackings, and held Israelis hostage, leading to the death of
numerous Israeli civilians -
Six Day War
Egyptian, Syrian, Jordanian, and Iraqi forces begin mobilizing around the borders of Israel, intent on securing the borders to harass trade moving into Israel. Egypt closed access to the Straits of Tiran, crippling Israeli shipping In response, Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) launch an ambush against gathering Arab
Forces Strategically targeted Air Force units first, to eliminate immediate retaliation and
ensure IDF air superiority After six days, Israel declares victory. -
Yom Kippur War
After suffering major defeats in conflicts against Israel, Arab nations desire to retaliate. Syria
and Egypt are motivated to regain lost territories: Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip, and the
Golan Heights. Both countries modernize equipment, with supplies and equipment purchased from the Soviet
Union Second week of October, Israeli Jews prepare for Yom Kippur Holiday, fasting and praying.
Military units are on leave, therefore guard units are vulnerable. -
Camp David Accords
With Arab-Israeli conflicts becoming a commonplace occurrence in global politics, and
within public view, a peace treaty or any form resolution was desired by the United
Nations Jimmy Carter, president of USA, planned a meeting between the leaders of Egypt and
Israel at Camp David, the US presidential retreat. Menachem Begin, PM of Israel Anwar Sadat, President of Egypt -
Lebanon War
Throughout the 1970s-1980s, Lebanon was engaged in a civil war between Christians and
Muslims PLO involved in the engagement, supporting Muslim Lebanese Militias. But were also
actively engaging a target in Northern Israel In 1977, newly elected Israeli Prime Minister: Menachem Begin, a far-right Zionist pushes
for political and military support of the Christian militia and Lebanon, and also calls for the
Invasion of Lebanon to stop the PLO -
Oslo Accords
United Nations push for a formalized peace treaty with PLO and Israel After seeing the
initial success of the Camp David Accord, the UN was motivated to organize a meeting
that would lead to peace, allowing both parties to integrate, this plan was called the Oslo
Process. Yasser Arafat and Yitzhak Rabin (New Israeli PM) meet at Oslo, Norway to discuss. Arafat calls for recognition of Palestinian territory, and for partnership in negotiation Both sides came to an agreement
