-
Balfour Declaration
Britain seized Palestine from the Ottomans. Gave support to "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine through the Balfour Declaration, along with an insistence that "nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities". -
Independence restored
In 1922 Egypt became independent, even though it was still depended on Great Britain. When it became independent it became a constitutional monarchy that was based on the monarchy of Belgium. Its senate was half appointed, and half elected. Its first ruler was Fuad 1, followed by king Farouk, and lastly Fuad 2. In 1953 the government was overthrown and became a republic. -
Period: to
Palestine War / First Arab-Israeli War
United Nations recommends partition of Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states, with international control over Jerusalem. Centre-left dominates coalition governments, under Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion. First Arab-Israeli war against the Arab League. Armistice agreements leave Israel with more territory than under the Partition Plan.
Around 750,000 Palestinian Arabs either flee or are expelled. -
Rise of Nasser
On 22–26 July 1952, the Free Officers, a group of disaffected officers in the Egyptian army founded by Gamal Abdel Nasser and headed by General Muhammad Naguib, initiated the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 which overthrew King Farouk, whom the military blamed for Egypt's poor performance in the 1948 war with Israel and lack of progress in fighting poverty, disease and illiteracy in Egypt. Nassar became the president in 1956 until his death in 1970. -
Evacuation Treaty with Britain
The Anglo–Egyptian Treaty was signed on 27 July 1954, ending more than seventy years of British occupation of the Suez Canal Zone. When Britain relinquished its military presence in other parts of Egypt after the end of the Second World War, it continued to keep its forces in scores of camps, a number of airfields, and other military installations along the Canal. Despite the British withdrawal from India and other colonies "East of Suez" in the late 1940s. -
Period: to
Suez Crisis
Israel colluded with Britain and France to invade Egypt during the Suez Crisis, in order to re-open canal to Israeli shipping and end armed incursions by Palestinians from Sinai. UN buffer force set up in Sinai and Gaza, Israeli shipping allowed through Suez Canal. -
Period: to
Six-Day War
After months of tension, including border skirmishes, Egypt's expulsion of the UN buffer force from Sinai and its closure of the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping, Israel launches a pre-emptive attack on Egypt, and Jordan and Syria join the war. The war lasts six days and leaves Israel in control of east Jerusalem, all of West Bank, Gaza, Golan Heights and Sinai. Jewish settlements are set up in all of these areas in coming years, with government approval. -
Period: to
Sadat Presidency
After Nasser's death, Vice President Anwar el-Sadat, was elected President of Egypt. Nasser's supporters in government settled on Sadat as a transitional figure that (they believed) could be manipulated easily. Sadat lacked Nasser's charisma and popularity. However, he had a long term in office and many changes in mind for Egypt and by some astute political moves was able to purge the government of the most ardent Nasserists. Sadat was Assassinated on the 6th of October 1981 -
Period: to
Yom Kippur War / October War
Egypt and Syria launch coordinated attacks against Israeli forces in the occupied Sinai and Golan Heights in the Yom Kippur or October War. Israel prevails, but only after suffering significant losses. Public mood turns against dominant Labour Party. -
Camp David Accords
Egyptian President Anwar Sadat visits Jerusalem and begins the process that leads to Israel's withdrawal from Sinai and Egypt's recognition of Israel in the Camp David Accords of 1978. Accords also pledge Israel to expand Palestinian self-government in the West Bank and Gaza. -
Period: to
Mubarak Presidency
Following Sadat's death, Mubarak became the fourth president of Egypt. By the time he became President, Mubarak was one of a few Egyptian officials who refused to visit Israel and vowed to take a less enthusiastic approach to normalizing relations with the Israeli government. In his early years in power, Mubarak expanded the Egyptian State Security Investigations Service and the Central Security Forces. Mubarak sought advice and confidence from his security chiefs. -
Period: to
First Intifada
First Intifada uprising begins in Occupied Territories. Palestinians protest Israeli occupation and settlements. Violence begins when an Israeli military truck crashes into a civilian car and kills four Palestinians. Muslim Brotherhood (which was originally supported by the Israeli government) forms Hamas movement in Gaza, they rapidly turn to violence against Israel. -
Oslo Accords
Prime Minister Rabin and PLO leader Yasser Arafat sign Oslo Accords to plot Palestinian self-government and formally end First Intifada. Israeli settlements continue and not all Palestinian groups forsake violence. End of the first Intifada. -
Period: to
Second Intifada
Likud leader Ariel Sharon visits dual holy site in Jerusalem. Palestinian protests escalate into new wave of violence. Failure of last-ditch efforts at restarting Israeli-Palestinian talks in Taba, Egypt. Ariel Sharon wins the election and declines to continue talks. -
Period: to
Islamic State Attacks
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Sinai is a branch of the militant Islamist group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant that is active in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt. Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant - Sinai province was known as Ansar Bait al-Maqdis which has been part of the Sinai insurgency and has been especially active in the Sinai Peninsula since 2011. -
Fall of Mubarak
Protests against Mubarak and his regime erupted in Cairo and other Egyptian cities in January 2011. On 1 February, Mubarak announced he would not contest the presidential election in September. He also promised constitutional reform. This did not satisfy most protesters. On 10 February, contrary to rumours, Mubarak said he would not resign until the election, though he would be delegating responsibilities to Vice President Omar Suleiman. The next day Suleiman announced that Mubarak had resigned. -
Period: to
Rise and fall of President Morsi