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570
Muhammad is Born
In 570 C.E, Muhammad the prophet was born in Mecca. He became an orphan at the young age of six, and later on married a rich widow named Khadija. picture citation: http://www.citizentimes.eu/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Muhammad_Ahmad_al-Mahdi.jpg -
Period: 570 to Jan 1, 632
Life of Muhammad
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Jan 1, 600
Qur'an
Although there has not been an exact date discovered, in the early 600s the Qur'an, the 116 suras (chapter) of the holy scripiture of islam, was created by the revelations of Muhammad. The message stated in the Qur'an is that there is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet. Picture: http://www.bosasopress.com/bpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/quran_karim_.jpg -
Jan 1, 610
The Message from The Angel Gabriel
In 610 C.E, one day while living in the city of Mecca, Muhammad decided to retreat to the hills and meditate, when the Angel Gabriel came to the prophet Muhammad and commanded him to preach the revelations of Allah. http://archief.retecool.com/mirrordir/Mohammed Image Archive_files/MGab_Persian_M_14c.jpg -
Jan 1, 622
The Arrival at Yathrib
In 622 C.E, Muhammad and his followers migrated to the rivial vity of Yathrib (Medina). This marked the begining of the Islamic calendar or the Hijran. Muhammad was not able to convert the Jewish to his beliefs; however, he did win a lot of support. Muhammad formed the first muslim community also known as a umma. http://www.thetrueknowledge.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/An-Numan-Ibn-Muqarrin.jpg -
Jan 1, 630
Visit to Ka'aba
In 630 C.E Muhammad and his followers made the sacred visit to the Ka'aba. Muhammad declared it the sacred shrine of Islam, and because of this all of the idols from the traditional faith were destroyed. http://www.yakhwajagaribnawaz.com/images/kaaba-from-inside.jpg -
Jan 1, 632
The Death of Muhammad
in 632 C.E, Muhammad died from a prolong illness. Abu, Bakr, Muhammad's father in law, becomes the new caliph and succesor. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Muhammad_Ali_Pascha.png -
Jan 1, 632
The Rightly Guided Caliphs
In 632 C.E, marked the begining of the first caliph from the Rightly Guided Caliphs. They were Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. They were all prophets of Muhammad, lived simple lives, and did their duty to Allah as Muhammad had preached to them, which was to spread to the world that the only God is Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet. The Last of the four Caliphs was Ali who was assasinated in 661. http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/L/Joshua.M.Landis-1/images/caliph.jpg -
Jan 1, 636
Rise of Arab Empire
In 636 C.E, the Arab Empire imensed. 636 muslims defated the Byzantine army at the Yarmuck River. Four years later, they took possesion of the Byzantine Providence, and in 637 the Arabs defeated the Persian forces. They conquered the entire empire of the Sassanids by 650. The muslims were not begining to spread and conquer through North Africa. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Arabslavers.jpg -
Jan 1, 636
Politcal Changes
Around 636 C.E, the Byzantine and Sassanian Empires began to have strength under the Arabs who were newly united. http://media.moddb.com/images/mods/1/6/5620/31582.jpg -
Jan 1, 650
Arab Conquests and Expansion (Umayyad Empire)
Around the time of 650, after the dealth of Muhammad, many wanted to expand the empire; however many also were not in agreement. Some of the followers of Muhammad did not agree with Abu Bakr as the first caliph, and instead premoted Ali. Althought there was a factional struggle, they still expanded despite the attacks made by the Mediteranean world and North Africa. They were able to eventually conquer southern Asia Minor. http://www.nndb.com/people/594/000114252/al-razi-1.jpg -
Jan 1, 661
The Decline of The Four Righteous Caliphs
In the year 661 the age of the Four Righteous Caliphs (Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali) declined. This began the begining of the Umayyad Rule. Ali himself was assasinated, and the governor of Syria, Mu'awiya, replaced him. http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oZIutLlxbFM/UmIhDvfdXjI/AAAAAAAAWrw/Dimi_MDv6P0/s520/warriors-of-the-umayyad-caliphate.jpg -
Period: Jan 1, 661 to Jan 1, 750
Umayyad Empire
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Jan 1, 750
The Abbasid Rule- Political Changes
Around the time of 750 C.E was the beginings of the Abassid Empire. Their political structure was different from the Umayyad Empire in the sence that the caliphs were more temporal than spirtual leaders. They were not really able to be distinguished between the kings and emperors. The burecracy assisted the caliph in admistering the empire. Lastly, the caliph was advised by a council, the head being the prime minister. http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3073/2575830297_b5e3db9b2b_m.jpg -
Period: Jan 1, 750 to Jan 1, 1258
The Abbasid Dynasty
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Succesion Problems
The Arab power remained to expand in the east; however, the factional disputes continued to disrupt the empire. The local administrators howed favoritism to the Arbas. The muslims that were not Arabs became very angry, and their resentment led to revolt, as in Iraq. In 680, Hussein, Ali's son, rose up against the the Umayyad rule with his supports, the Shi'ites, although they were defeated. in 750, Abu al- Abbas revolted against the Umayyads and established the Abbasid dynasty (750-1258). -
Cultural Innovations
The muslims were extremly innovating for their time even though many are unaware of their accomplisments. A persian mathematician created Algebra, muslims set up observatories, the first hospital, & also developed medicines. As well as being innovative in science and math, they also created the first library. Many literature stories are still highly regarded today like 1001 Nights by Omar Khayyam. The muslims were very scholarly people providing us with many great things that we use still today.
