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Period: 1509 to 1547
Henry VIII's reign
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Oct 31, 1517
The Ninety-Five Thesis
Devastating critique of the indulgences nailed to the door of the university in Wittenberg by german monk Martin Luther.
We could say that it marks the start of the European Reformation -
1526
Tyndale bible
The first translation of the Bible (New Testament) in english.
-Most important principles of Protestantism are private prayer and Bible study, thus, vernacular translation is very important.
Before, it was in Latin and was therefore interpreted solely by the members of the clergy !! -
1527
The King’s “Great Matter”
King Henry VIII’s royal divorce with Catherine of Aragon.
Triggered the King’s relations with the Pope and thus England’s relations with The Roman Catholic Church -
1534
Act of supremacy
Founds the Church of England/ Anglican Church
King Henry VIII becomes Supreme Head of Church
-Starting event of the schism.
-Break with the Roman Catholic Church and the Pope. -
1536
Pilgrimage of grace
Rebellions that interrupted the dissolution of monasteries. They lasted 6 months, and were the greatest rebellions ever faced by a Tudor King. -
1537
English Bible allowed in Churches
Soon mandatory !! -
Period: 1547 to 1553
Edward VI's reign
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1549
Book of common prayer
Revision of the mass-book, it led religious services.
Edward was fiercly protestant. -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Mary I’s reign
Fiercely catholic, "Bloody Mary" restored Catholicism and repealed the protestant legislation of her father and half-brother in 18 months.
She persecuted Protestants between 1555 and 1558. -
Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth I’s reign
A lot is at stakes when Elizabeth’s reign starts, after 25 years of religious changes, the most important thing for Elizabeth who is a Protestant 25 year-old unmarried woman is to appease religious tensions and establish her legitimacy as a monarch. -
1559
Act of uniformity
This piece of legislation aimed to establish the protestant religious belief of the nation.
-It made it mandatory for every parish to use The Book of Common prayer.
-People who didn’t attend English services were fined. -
1559
The act of supremacy
This Act of Supremacy concerns church organization, it abolished the Pope’s authority and restored the Queen authority over the Church.
This piece of legislation marked a break from “Bloody Mary”’s Catholic Restoration and made Elizabeth the Supreme Governor of The Church of England. -
1569
The Northern Rebellion
The rise of Protestantism in Elizabethan England triggered many Catholics who started a rebellion against religious reformers. More than 6000 insurgents attempted to replace the Queen Elizabeth by Mary Queen Of Scots. -
1570
Pope Pius V excommunicates Elizabeth I.
Since her reform was moderate, he long thought that she would restore Catholicism, but she never did. In his Papal bull, he calls Queen Elizabeth “the so-call queen”, reinforcing the already very existing questioning of her legitimacy as a monarch. -
1571
Treasons Act
It is treason for anyone to say that Elizabeth is not the true Queen of England and Wales. -
1581
1581 Act
Provided the death penalty for anyone converting or already converted to Catholicism. -
Babington Plot/ Execution of Mary Stuart
A group of young Catholics wanted to assassinate Queen Elizabeth in order to put Mary Stuart on the throne. Strategy that was discovered by Francis Walsingham and resulted in Mary’s death. -
Poor laws
These laws that made the central and local gouvernements responsible of helping the poor were a consequence of the rise of the population and the disbandment of monasteries. They were nonetheless very harsh as they created a distinction between the «deserving poor» and «undeserving poor». The first one was enacted in 1553 and the latest change was made in 1601. NB: This system remained in place until the 19th century.