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1526
Tuzk-e-Babri
- The book describes Babar's ascent to the throne, and his battles and his efforts to consolidate his power.
- Babar describes his conquest of Delhi and his attempts to conquer Bengal, also his battles with the Rajputs.
- The book also provides insights into Babar's personal life, as well as his religious beliefs and his interaction with the local populations.
- It show his his interest in literature, poetry and architecture. it provides a glimpse of daily life in the Mughal court.
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Period: 1526 to 1530
Babur's rule
- Conquest and Consolidation: Babar conquered Delhi in 1526, and through numerous successful military campaigns, he created a large empire that stretched from Afghanistan to Bengal.
- Cultural Innovation: Babar was fond of literature and the arts, and played a key role in the development of Mughal architecture, painting, and music.
- Religious Tolerance: Babar believed in religious harmony, and he maintained religious peace in his empire by allowing non-Muslims to practice their faith.
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Period: 1530 to 1556
Humayun's rule
- Military Achievements: Humayun expanded the empire's boundaries by conquering the Gujarat Sultanate, he established the Mughal presence in parts of the Deccan plateau.
- Promotion of Culture: Humayun was a patron of the arts and sciences and he invited scholars and artists from Persia, Turkey, and India to his court.
- Infrastructure Development: Humayun constructed roads, canals,. He also built a number of public buildings, including the first Mughal mosque in Delhi, the Humayun's Tomb.
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Period: 1556 to
Akbar's rule
- Akbar is one of the greatest leaders in Indian history, for his ability to unify a vast empire. His reign marked a period of peace, prosperity, and cultural advancement.
- Akbar’s rule is often referred to as the “Akbar Renaissance,” which emphasized religious freedom. He established a new capital city at Fatehpur Sikri.
- Akbar was a successful military leader, expanding the Mughal Empire. He defeated several major regional powers, like the Sur of Gujarat, the Rajputs, and the Sikhs.
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Period: to
Jahangir's rule
- Opened relations with the British East India Company.
- Jahangir was a cultural innovator. He was known for his interest in art, literature, and architecture.
- However, Jahangir was also known for his excessive alcoholism and his erratic behavior. He was often accused of being ruthless and paranoid, particularly in his treatment of members of the royal family.
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Nur Jahan
- Noor Jahan was known for her support of art and architecture. Under her patronage, the Taj Mahal was built in Agra, which has become one of the most famous landmarks in India.
- Noor Jahan was also responsible for introducing the Persian style in Indian music and arts.
- She played a key role in the Mughal Empire's politics and military matters. She was known for her diplomatic skills and her influence over the ruler Jahangir, her husband, in the decisions of the empire.
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Period: to
Shah Jahan's rule
- Shah Jahan ordered the construction of the legendary Taj Mahal in Agra, which is still considered one of the greatest landmarks of Mughal architecture.
- Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal as a memorial to his wife, Mumtaz Mahal, who died during childbirth. The monument was a lasting tribute to their love and devotion.
- his rule was distinguished by his implementation of new administrative reforms and tax laws, which laid the foundation for a centralized government system.
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Taj Mahal
- It was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in the 17th century as a tomb for his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The construction began in 1631 and took over 20 years to complete.
- a symbol of love and devotion. The structure is known for its patterns and designs carved into white marble, which took thousands of masons and artisans to complete.
- The Taj Mahal is considered one of the wonders of the world. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is a masterpiece of Islamic architecture.