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Plessy v Ferguson
A supreme court case from an 1892 incident in which Homer Plessy, a train passenger, refused to sit down in a Jim Crow car breaking a louisiana law. Plessy said that his consitutional rights were violated. The court made the decision that the law challenged the 13th and 14th Amendments history.com -
Congress of Racial Equality
An interracial group of students who were members of the Chicago branch of the Fellowship of Reconciliation. Many of these students were members of the Chicago branch of Fellowship of Reconcilation. core-online.org -
Jackie Robinson
Became the first black player in the MLB, playing for the Brooklyn Dodgers. In 1949 he became the National League MVP. He also won the World Series in 1955 biography.com -
Sweatt vs Painter
Heman Sweatt wanted admission to the University of Texas Law School in 1946. He was rejected admission mainly because of his race. The court decided that Texas violated Sweatt's equal rights protection. lawhigheredu.com -
Medgar Evers
A civil rights activist who organized voter-registration efforts and boycotts of companies that practiced discrimination. He became the first state field secretary of the NAACP. biography.com -
Brown v Board of Education
People felt that racial segergation of children in the public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The decision was not successful in desegrating public education in the U.S. pbs.org -
Southern Christian Ledership Conference
Started on the same day as the Montgomery Boycott, the conference was started to create nonviolent mass action at the corner of strategy. It is now a nation wide organization that have programs which affec all live in America. sclcnational.org -
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
ushistory.orgBoycott where no blacks rode the bus because of Rosa Parks being arrested for not giving up her seat. This led to MLK and Ralph Abernathy to be arrested. This also caused their homes and four churches to be bombed. It wasn't until December 23, 1956 where the Supreme Court declared that segregated busing was unconstitutional. ushistory.org -
"Letter from Birmingham jail"
Letter written by Martin Luther King Jr while in jail. In the letter he talked about his response to eight white religious leaders in the south and his concern of caution that was issued by them. theatlantic.com -
"The Southern Manifesto"
Resolution condemning the 1954 descision of Brown v. Board of Education. The resolution called for "a clear abuse of judicial power" amd emcouraged states to not implement its mandates. a href='http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/sources_document2.html' >pbs.org</a>A -
Little Rock - Central High School
Nine black students enrolled in an all white high school in Little Rock, Arkansas. On the first day of school Governor Orval Faubus of Arkansas had the National Guard block the black students' entry into the school. Dwight D. Eisenhower sent in federal troops to escort the students in to the school a few weeks later. The students didn't start school until September 25. history.com -
Greensboro sit-in
Influenced by nonviolent protests, four young black students from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College organized the first sit-in in Greensboro. They sat down at a lunch counter and denied service from anyone but whites. Police were called but were unable to do anything because of the students lack of provocation. They would sit there until the store closed and come back the next day with more college students and do the same thing. <a href='http://www.history.com/topics/black-hist -
Student Nonviolent Corrdinating Committee
Committee formed to give young blacks more of a voice in the civil rights movement. It was one of the more radical branches in the movement. It was started by SCLC director Ella Baker. She encouraged people who formed the SNCC to look to broader social change and to view nonviolence more as a political tactic than as a way of life. history.com -
Freedom Riders
A group of blacks and white civil rights activists started a series of bus trips through the south to protest segregation in interstate bus terminals. The riders were recruited by the Congress of Racial Equality. They started from Washington D.C. and tried to integrate facilities at bus terminals along the way into the deep south. history.com -
James Meredith
African American who applied to the University of Mississippi, was admitted, then was withdrawn when the registar found out about his race. This led to James filing a law suit alleging discrimination. The district court ruled against him but the case would reach the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled in his favor. He would then arrive to the school to register for classes but the entrance was blocked causing riots to erupt. James would later enroll on October 1. <a href='http://www.biography.com/p -
March on Washington
Over 200,000 Americans gathered in D.C. for a political rally for jobs and freedom. It was organized by a number of civil rights and religious groups. The rally was designed to show the challenges Afrian Americans faced politically and socially across the country. The march culminated in MLK's "I Have a Dream" speech. history.com -
Bombing of Birmingham church
Around 11 o'clock, the 16th Street Baptist Church was knocked to the ground during service. A bomb had exploded under the steps of the church but many hid under the pews to shield each other from falling debris. Everyone survived except for four young girls and another girl being permanently blinded. nps.gov -
24th Amendment
Passed to address an injustice that helped prevent too many people from voting-poll tax. Poll taxes were used to prevent low-income citizens from being involved in elections with most of those citizens being african american. constitutioncenter.org -
Mississppi Freedom Summer
A nonviolent effort by civil rights activists to try to integrate Mississppi. Planned late in 1963, the SNCC and CORE recruited many nothern college students with most of them being white. They were recruited to work during the summer in Mississippi and try to help african americans register to vote. wisconsinhistory.org -
Civil Rights Act passed
The premier civil rights legislation that outlawed discrimination of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson with MLK, Dorothy Height, Roy Wilkins, John Lewis, and other civil rights leders in attendance. nps.gov -
Malcolm X assassinated
A 22 year old african american named Thomas Hagan was charged with killing Malcolm X. The police said that he was shot with seven bullets. They also said that the shooting was the result of a feud between his followers and members of an extremeist group he broke up with the year before. partners.nytimes.com -
Map of Salma to Montgomery
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Selma to Montgomery march
Many protesters set out to march from Selma to Montgomery. The first day they were trampled and beat with billy clubs while tear gas was spread across them. The second time they passed the Pettus Bridge where they were assaulted before and turned around. On the third day they made it to Montgomery and then to Alabama State Capitol with the protection of soldier, FBI agents, and etc
<a href='http://alabama-travel.herokuapp.com/road-trips/selma-to-montgomery-crossing-a-bridge-into-history' -
Civil Rights Act passed
Banned race discrimination in voting by the federal, state, and local governments. It was passed after more than a century of a denial for blacks to vote causing violence. civilrights.org -
Black Panthers
Founded by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale in Oakland, California. The Black Panthers practice self defense against the U.S. Government for minority communities. It was the first group in the U.S. to struggle militiantly for ethnic minority and working class emancipation. marxists.org -
King assassinated
MLK and SLCL members had been called to Memphis, Tennesee to support a sanitation workers' strike. The nexy day, he and other associates of his were on the second floor of the Lorraine Motel where a sniper's bullet struck him in the neck. King had been rushed to the hospital but was pronounced dead about an hour later. history.com
