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1943: Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts publish "A Logical Calculus of Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity," which describes the first artificial neural network model
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1950: Alan Turing proposes the Turing Test, which is still used today as a benchmark for measuring a machine's ability to exhibit human-like intelligence.
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1956: John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Claude Shannon, and Nathaniel Rochester organize the Dartmouth Conference, which is considered the birth of artificial intelligence as a field of study
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1966: The first expert system, called Dendral, is developed to interpret complex chemical analysis data.
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1970s: The development of rule-based systems leads to the creation of early artificial intelligence applications, such as MYCIN, a diagnostic system for blood infections.
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1980s: Machine learning algorithms begin to be developed, such as the backpropagation algorithm for training neural networks.
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1990s: The development of statistical natural language processing techniques leads to advances in language translation and speech recognition.
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2000s: Deep learning algorithms, which use artificial neural networks with many layers, become increasingly popular and lead to breakthroughs in image and speech recognition.