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Urine
The sweet smell of urine of diabetes was noted frist by the Oxford physician, Thomas Willis. -
Early Treatment
John Rollo treated a patient by dietary restriction. -
Claude Bernard
Bernard discovered liver stores glycogen and secreted a sugary substance into the blood. He assumed this caused diabetes. -
Von Mering
Disproved Bernard's liver theory when he found that removing the pancreas caused diabetes -
Discovery of Insulin
Frederick Banting is the co-discoverer of insulin. Banting, along with others, extracted pancreas of dog. They isolated two other dogs with diabetes and administered the extract to only one of the two. The control dog died. -
First human patient
14 year old boy became first human patient to receive insulin made from Banting. It failed. -
Purified injections
Purified injections developed by Collip were given. -
Widespread of Insulin
Lilly shipped and produced insulin commercially and was used to treat diabetes in most western countries. -
Insulin cyrstallized
J.J. Abel crystallized insulin. -
Longer acting insuli
Insulin needed to be injected twice daily. There was a need for longer acting insulin. -
Lente Insulin
Lente insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin that starts working about 1.5 hours after it is injected. The effect is maximal between 4 and 8 hours and ends as long as 24 hours after injection. -
Nobel Prize
Fredrick Sanger of Cambridge discovered the composition of two chains of 51 amino acids linked by disulphide bridges. He received the Nobel Prize. -
Berson and Yalow
Solomon and Rosalind investigated diabetes even more through immunoassay. -
Dorothy Hodgin
Three dimensional structure of the insulin molecule was discovered by Hodgin. She won the Nobel Prize for her work with insulin. -
Inhalable Insulin
Afreeza is a powder form insulin that is breathed into the lungs through an inhaler. -
Insulin Today
Today there are a variety of insulin treatments: rapid acting, short acting, intermediate acting, long acting, delivery systems of injections, pens, pumps, etc. -
Future Insulin
Artificial pancreas is in the working by researchers. It will detect blood glucose levels and regulate blood sugar with insulin and other hormones without human intervention.
