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Thomas Newcomen invents the first productive steam engine
Newcomen invented the world's first successful atmospheric steam engine. The engine pumped water using a vacuum created by condensed steam. It became an important method of draining water from deep mines and was therefore a vital component in the Industrial Revolution in Britain. -
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The Industrial Revolution
Beginning in Great Britain during the late eighteenth century, the Industrial Revolution led to the industrialization that shaped the modern world. Europe saw a shift from an economy based on farming and handicrafts to an economy based on manufacturing by machines in factories. -
Iron
In 1740, Britain had produced 17,000 tons (15,419 metric tons or t) of iron. -
The beginning of the Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 1780s and took several decades to spread to other Western nations. Several factors contributed to make Great Britain the starting place. -
Spinning Jenny
James Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny allowing a worker to produce multiple spools of thread at the same time. -
The first industrial revolution
first revolution spans from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century. It witnessed the emergence of mechanization, a process that replaced agriculture with industry as the foundations of the economic structure of society. -
Spinning Mule
The English inventor Samuel Crompton invented the Spinning Mule which would combine the processes of spinning and weaving into one machine, thus revolutionising the industry. -
water-powered loom invented
Invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1787. It now became more efficient to bring workers to the new machines and have them work in facto- ries near streams and rivers, which were used to power many of the early machines. -
22 million pounds of cotton
In 1787, the British imported 22 million pounds (10 million kg) of cotton, most of it spun on machines. By 1840, 366 million pounds (166 million kg) of cotton were imported each year. By this time, cotton cloth was Britain’s most valu- able product. Sold everywhere in the world, British cotton goods were produced mainly in factories. -
Samuel Slater opens his first textile mill
Rhode Island, which is the first American factory to successfully produce cotton yarn using water-powered machines. -
The first steam locomotives
Richard Trevithick, an English engineer, built the first steam locomotive. In 1804, Trevithick’s locomotive ran on an industrial rail-line in Britain. It pulled 10 tons of ore and 70 people at 5 miles per hour. Better locomotives soon fol- lowed. -
Steam boat
Robert Fulton built the first paddle-wheel steamboat, the Clermont, in 1807. Steamboats made transportation easier on the waterways of the United States. -
Luddite Rebellion
Luddites attack factories and smash machines in protest against the industry. -
The Blucher
In 1813, George Stephenson built
the Blucher, the first successful flanged- wheel locomotive. With its flanged wheels, the Blucher ran on top of the rails instead of in sunken tracks. -
The photograph
French inventor Joseph Nicéphore Niépce invented the first permanent photograph of a camera image. He took it from his window using a camera obscura, a primitive camera, creating the earliest surviving photograph of a real-world scene. -
The typewriter
William Burt, an American inventor, patented the first type-writer which he called a ‘typographer’. Although it was dreadfully ineffective, Burt is nonetheless regarded as the ‘father of the typewriter’. -
Charles X established a constitutional monarchy.
Charles X in 1830 and established a constitutional monarchy. Political support for the new monarch, Louis Philippe, a cousin of Charles X, came from the upper-middle class.
In the same year, 1830, three more revo utions occurred -
The electric generator
The first electric generator was invented by Michael Faraday in 1831: the Faraday Disk.
Although it was not very effective, Faraday’s discovery of electromagnetic induction soon led to improvements, such as the dynamo. -
“Father of the Refrigerator,”
Jacob Perkins builds upon Oliver Evans refrigeration machine idea and patents the first vapor-compression refrigeration cycle. -
Telegraph communications
Sir William Fothergill Cooke and Charles Wheatstone successfully demonstrated the first electrical telegraph that was installed between Euston and Camden Town in London. -
Dynamite was invented
Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist, in the 1860s. Prior to its invention, gunpowder (called black powder) had been used to shatter rocks and fortifications. Dynamite, however, proved stronger and safer, quickly gaining widespread use.
