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Newcomen invented the world's first successful atmospheric steam engine. The engine pumped water using a vacuum created by condensed steam. It became an important method of draining water from deep mines and was therefore a vital component in the Industrial Revolution in Britain.
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Beginning in Great Britain during the late eighteenth century, the Industrial Revolution led to the industrialization that shaped the modern world. Europe saw a shift from an economy based on farming and handicrafts to an economy based on manufacturing by machines in factories.
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In 1740, Britain had produced 17,000 tons (15,419 metric tons or t) of iron.
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The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 1780s and took several decades to spread to other Western nations. Several factors contributed to make Great Britain the starting place.
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James Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny allowing a worker to produce multiple spools of thread at the same time.
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first revolution spans from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century. It witnessed the emergence of mechanization, a process that replaced agriculture with industry as the foundations of the economic structure of society.
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The English inventor Samuel Crompton invented the Spinning Mule which would combine the processes of spinning and weaving into one machine, thus revolutionising the industry.
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Invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1787. It now became more efficient to bring workers to the new machines and have them work in facto- ries near streams and rivers, which were used to power many of the early machines.
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In 1787, the British imported 22 million pounds (10 million kg) of cotton, most of it spun on machines. By 1840, 366 million pounds (166 million kg) of cotton were imported each year. By this time, cotton cloth was Britain’s most valu- able product. Sold everywhere in the world, British cotton goods were produced mainly in factories.
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Rhode Island, which is the first American factory to successfully produce cotton yarn using water-powered machines.
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Richard Trevithick, an English engineer, built the first steam locomotive. In 1804, Trevithick’s locomotive ran on an industrial rail-line in Britain. It pulled 10 tons of ore and 70 people at 5 miles per hour. Better locomotives soon fol- lowed.
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Robert Fulton built the first paddle-wheel steamboat, the Clermont, in 1807. Steamboats made transportation easier on the waterways of the United States.
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Luddites attack factories and smash machines in protest against the industry.
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In 1813, George Stephenson built
the Blucher, the first successful flanged- wheel locomotive. With its flanged wheels, the Blucher ran on top of the rails instead of in sunken tracks. -
French inventor Joseph Nicéphore Niépce invented the first permanent photograph of a camera image. He took it from his window using a camera obscura, a primitive camera, creating the earliest surviving photograph of a real-world scene.
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William Burt, an American inventor, patented the first type-writer which he called a ‘typographer’. Although it was dreadfully ineffective, Burt is nonetheless regarded as the ‘father of the typewriter’.
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Charles X in 1830 and established a constitutional monarchy. Political support for the new monarch, Louis Philippe, a cousin of Charles X, came from the upper-middle class.
In the same year, 1830, three more revo utions occurred -
The first electric generator was invented by Michael Faraday in 1831: the Faraday Disk.
Although it was not very effective, Faraday’s discovery of electromagnetic induction soon led to improvements, such as the dynamo. -
Jacob Perkins builds upon Oliver Evans refrigeration machine idea and patents the first vapor-compression refrigeration cycle.
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Sir William Fothergill Cooke and Charles Wheatstone successfully demonstrated the first electrical telegraph that was installed between Euston and Camden Town in London.
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Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist, in the 1860s. Prior to its invention, gunpowder (called black powder) had been used to shatter rocks and fortifications. Dynamite, however, proved stronger and safer, quickly gaining widespread use.
