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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
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Spinning Jenny
This was a machine created by James Hargreaves in 1764. This invention met the need of makeing thread at a faster rate. This process became much faster and more efficent. The process produced thread so fast that the weavers can not keep up. image source from inventors.about.com -
Steam Engine
James Watt improved the Steam Engine in 1764 soon after James Hargreaves built the Spenning Jenny. James Watt was a Scotish engineer and thought of a way for the engine to be run by coal. When he improved the Steam Engine this allowed a lot of machinery to work fasteer and more efficient. The cotton loom invented by Edmund Cartwright did not have to be near the water any more. This allowed for a lot more cotton production which allowed cloth to be made faster.
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A Lot of Iron
Iron production was a very important process used in the Iron Industry. Henrey Cort Developed a process to take all of the impurities out of the iron. This process was called puddling. In the 1780s production jumped to almost 70,000 tons. Later in 1852, Britain was able to produce nearly 3 million tons, which is more than the rest of the world combined.
image source: terpconnect.umd.edu -
Water powered loom
This invension of a water powered cotton loom made the production of cotton even faster than James Hargreaves invension. This cotton loom was invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1787. This allowed even more jobs for workers. All of the factories for this loom were located by streams or rivers. -
Thomas Malthus's book
Thomas Malthus wrote a book in 1798 about the population. Before the Potato Famine the population had gotten higher than it had ever gotten before, it was at 266 million. Thomas Malthus wrote this famous book saying that he believes the population would eventually eat all the food and we would not have anything to eat. -
Railroads
The first steam-powered locomotive ran on an industrial rail-line in 1804. This was a big step up beause they now had a new way of transportation. This train would pull 10 tons of ore and 70 people going 5 miles per hour. There was one called "Rocket" and was used on the first public rail-line later in the year 1830. Rocket was an improvement from the first one, it could go 16 miles per hour and it was longer.
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The Typewriter
The typewriter was invented by Christopher Sholes on May, 11 1829. This invention increaced the amount of books made because it was easier to type them instead of writing them. The typewriter also improved literacy because more books were being made and then everyone was reading more.
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Factory Act
Before the Factory Act was passed everyone of all ages would do labor so that families had enough money. Finally, In 1833 the Factory Act was passed that banned children under the age of 9 to work. However, children that were 9-13 could only work 9 hours a day. Since a lot of children were not working any more there were a lot of jobs that needed to be taken. For example, in the factories women would take the place of the children because women did not have to be skilled to work in factories. -
Mechanical calculator
On May 13, 1835 the first mechanical calculator was invented by Charles Babbage. This improved the buisness world a lot. This also improved education in math. -
Potato Famine
Up until the potato famine the European population had been growing because there was a decline in death rates, wars, disease, and famine. In 1840 a fungus infected the crop. The irish desperatly depended on the potato for food. Almost a million died from not having the potato and also another million emigrated, most of them went to America.
image source: www.justfoodnow.com