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Cottage Industry
The developed the putting-out system, in which raw cotton was distributed to peasant families who spun it into threads and then wove the thread into cloth in their own homes. -
The Effects of Demand and Capital
Britain had plenty of skilled mechanics who were eager to meet the growing demand for new, practical inventions. This increased the workforce. -
Canals Boom
During the late 1700's and early 1800's, factories needed an efficient, inexpensive ways to receive coal. The success of the canal set off a canal-building frenzy. The canals have enough boats passing to make enough money. In, 1763 the Bridge water canal opened. -
Watt improves the steam engine.
James Watt stated working on the steam engine in 1764. He worked several years on the engine. The steam engine opened the door not only to operating machinery but eventually o powering locomotives and steamships. -
The spinning jenny is invented.
James Hargreaves solved that problem by producing the spinning jenny in 1764, which spun many threads at the same time. -
water frame
Richard Arkwright patented the water farm, which was a spinning machine that could be powered by water. -
Iron Bridge
Abraham Darby III completed the world's first iron bridge. The bridge still stands today. -
An Essay on the Principle of Population
Thomas Malthus wrote this essay. He concluded that poverty was unavoidable because the population was increasing faster than the food supply. -
Owen begins social reforms at New Lanark.
Robert Owen set up a model community in New Lanark, Scotland, to put his own ideas into practice. Owen campaigned vigorously for laws that limited child labor and encouraged the organization of labor unions. -
Mexicans to fight for independence from Spain
Agustin de Iturbide feared that the new Spanish government might impose liberal reforms on the colonies as well. Mexico finally won their independent -
The Liverpool-Manchester Railroad opens.
The world's first major rail line, from Liverpool to Manchester. This meant that tracks could go places where rivers didn't, allowing factory owners and merchants to ship goods swiftly and cheaply over land. -
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Marx and Engels publish The Communist Manifesto
Marx predicted a struggle between social classes that would lead to a classes social that would lead to a classless society where all means production would be owned by the community. In The Communist Manifesto, Marx theorized that economics was the driving force in history. -
Republic in France
Immediate effects a new republic in France. Long-term effects are a new empire in France. -
Revolutions break out across much of Europe.
Middle-class liberals wanted a greater share of political power for themselves, as well as protections for the basic rights of all male citizens. Workers demanded relief from the miseries of the Industrial Revolution.
