Important events pertaining to the development of physical education, exercise science, and sport in the united states from the colonial period (1600's) to present day.
By stevenpats12
-
Colonial Period 1607-1783
This was the time Colonists came from Europe to settle in the New world. Colonists would shortly find Native Americans that hunted, fished, canoed, and ran place to place always engaging in Physical activity. Sport, dance, and dramatic enactments were incorporated into Native Americans festivals. Tribes engaged in sport as a substitute for inter village or intertribal warfare. -
Johann Bernhard from Germany (1723-1790)
Naturalism guided his development of physical education curriculum program designed to meet indivdual needs activities included dancing, fencing, riding, running, jumping, wrestling, swimming, skating, games, gymnastics, and marching. -
National Period (1784-1861)
-During this time interest in education grew, and more schools were established for both females and males.
-1820s and 1830s physical education began to be incorporated into school curriculums. -
Catharine Beecher during the National Period
-She was the director of the Hartford female seminary in Connecticut, an institution of higher education for young women. -In 1828 she developed and implemented a program of physical education that consisted of calisthenics performed to tics and were designed to improve the health and vitality of her students to prepare for their future as homemakers/mothers. -
Intercollegiate athletics beginging
In 1852 the first intercollegiate competition occurred. A race between Harvard and Yale was held with Harvard winning the race. After this athletics would begin to assume an increasingly prominent role on college campuses. -
Dioclesian Lewis
-Developed the lewis system of "light" gymnastics and introduced it to men, women, and children living in Boston. -Exercises to improve the cardiovascular system were performed to music. Posture and flexibility exercise and light apparatus such as wands, Indian clubs and beanbags were incorporated into his program. -1861 he established the normal Institute for Physical education in Boston to prepare teachers. -
Civil War Period through late 1800s through 1900
-Many leaders with new ideas influenced the development of physical education and sport during the Civil War period and late 1800s.
- Physical education was increasingly included in schools and sports grew in popularity. -
Early Twentieth Century
-Marked a significant period of growth and development for both physical education and sport. -Physical education changed its focus from a narrow emphasis on systems of gymnastics, exercises regimes, and calisthenics to a broader focus that encompassed games sports, aquatics, dance, and outdoor activities. -
Playground Association of America
Sought to promote the development of urban and rural playgrounds, and served as its first president.- By1930 the playground association had evolved into the National Recreation Association.
-
World War 1 (1914-1919)
World War 1 started in 1914 and the United States entry in 1918 had a critical impact on the nation and education. -The elective service Act of 1917 called to service all men between the ages of 18 and 25. -Social forces were also at work during this period. The emancipation of women was furthered by passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. Women also began to show interest in sport and physical education as well as in other fields formerly considered to be off limits. -
Golden Twenties (1920-1929)
Many advances in physical education occurred during the twenties that had a profound influence on physical education for decades to come. -The 1920s and 30s marked a time when an increasing emphasis was placed on defining the scientific basis of physical education. -
Jesse F. Williams
Published The principles of Physical Education. Which emphasized his beliefs about unity of mind and body. He argued that physical education should be included within the school curriculum. -
Depression Years (1930-1939)
The 1929 stock market crash ushered in the great depression which affected education. Unemployment and poverty regained. Health and Physical education had a difficult time surviving in many communities . -
Mid Twentieth Century (1940-1970)
During the middle of the twentieth century physical education and sport programs grew in part due to World War II. -Selective Service examinations of drafted men indicated that they were not in sound condition. This helped stimulate the development of physical training programs branches of the armed forces and president Franklin Roosevelt appointed John P. kelly as the national director of physical training. -
NATA
The National Athletic Trainer's Association was founded. -
Fitness Movement
Began as a trend in the 1970s and has continued to expand. Many people of all ages lead an active lifestyle engaging in activities such as jogging biking, walking and weight training to an extent never before seen. -
Growth of sports
Participation in sport has experienced phenomenal growth at all levels since the 1970s. -Participation in interscholastic sports has grown from 3,960,932 boys and girls in 1971 to over 7.7 million in 2011-2012. More than 50% of students played on sports team in a given year. -
Professional
Professional Sports have also grown during this time. since 1970 expansion has resulted in multimillion dollar contracts have become more common. -
Girls and Women Sports
Since the 1970s Participation by girls and women in sports has grown rapidly.- The dramatic increase in participation was enhanced by the changing attitudes toward women in society and by the passage of title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972.
-
Olympics/Physical education
The Olympics have become an embedded component of our global culture. In todays time physical education is taken seriously and is enforced in the right way. Walton-Fisette, J. L., Wuest, D. A., & Bucher, C. A. (2018). Foundations of physical education, exercise science, and sport. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.