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Opium War
The Opium Wars were a series of mid-19th century conflicts between China and Western powers, primarily Great Britain, ignited by the Chinese government's attempts to suppress the opium trade, leading to military action by the British to force open Chinese markets and secure favorable trade terms through unequal treaties, significantly weakening China's sovereignty and marking the start of its "Century of Humiliation." -
Treaty of Nanjing
The Treaty of Nanjing was a peace treaty signed on August 29, 1842, between Great Britain and China. It ended the First Opium War and is considered the first of the "unequal treaties" that forced China into imperial international law.