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Galileo, with his new powerful telescope, observes the moons of Jupiter and spots moving on the surface of the sun
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William Herschel discovers Uranus, the first planet to be found by means of a telescope, and names it the Georgian star
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The nearest star to earth, the red dwarf Proxima Centauri 4.22 light years away, is discovered by Robert Innes
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US astronaut Alan Shepard becomes the first American in space, with a suborbital flight in Freedom 7
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US Astronut Robert Lowry lands safley onto mars.