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Trench Warfare
-a type of warfare using military trenches
-this evolved the way wars were fought based off of new military machines and different uniforms
-very unsanitary conditions in the fact that many soldiers developed trench foot and illnesses -
Franz Ferdinand's Assaassination
-Archduke heir to Austro-Hungarian throne
-assassinated by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo, Bosnia
-led to the outbreak of WWI -
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
-Germany declared war on Great Britain, where their naval ships were sunk without warning or preparation
-other ships like the Lusitania are an effect of unrestricted submarine warfare
submarine U-20 sunk the Lusitania
-goal was to beat Britain before they could harm Germany -
Sinking of Lusitania
-British owned ship that was struck by Imperial Germany
-occurred in maritime war zone around England
- 761/1266 people survived
-turned the international opinion against Germany -
Zimmerman Telegram
-a secret communication between Germany and Mexico to initiate their military alliance
-it stated that if the United States entered WWI against Germany, this would be enforced
-the message was intercepted by the British
-this enraged American citizens, declaring war on Germany in April -
Committee of Public Information
-also known as CPI
-established by President Woodrow Wilson
-members consisted of the Secretaries of State, War, and Navy
-covered propaganda during WWI
-in order to promote the war -
Liberty Bonds
-divided into four installments from 1917-18
-war bonds that were sold in the United States in order to support the Allies
-the beginning of financial security
-Emergency Loan Act, Second Liberty Loan, Third Liberty Loan, Fourth Liberty Loan -
American Expeditionary Force
-the formation of the United States Army located in France
-AEF was fought alongside the French, British, Canadian, New Zealand, and Australian armies against Germany
-led by Major General John J. Pershing -
War Industries Board
-led by Frank A. Scott
-the coordination and cooperation of military supplies between the US Navy and War Department
-increased the use of mass-production for more efficiency
-headquarters were located in Washington D.C. -
Influenza Crisis
-a worldwide pandemic that broke out near the end of WWI
-first case was found in March of 1918 in Kansas
-approximately 25-50 million deaths -
Fourteen Points
-President Wilson addressed these points to Congress in order to have world peace
-the points consisted of the termination of secret treaties, colonization of indigenous people, and the freedom of sailing the seas -
Sedition Act
-law passed by Congress that made printing false information about the US government a criminal act
-this law was directed deliberately to Democratic-Republican citizens
-suppressed 1st Amendment (freedom of press) -
Treaty of Versailles
-the peace treaty that ended WWI
-ended war between Germany and the Allied Powers
-signed in the Palace of Versailles (5 years after the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand)
-the US had their own treaty with Germany -
League of Nations
-the first international peace organization
-main idea was to prevent wars between countries and negotiate with one another
-it was included in the first part of the Treaty of Versailles
-headquarters are located in Switzerland -
Bonus Army
-the gathering of demonstrators and veterans from WWI in Washington, D.C.
-they demanded cash redemption for their service and contributions in the war
-demonstrators were led by former sergeant, Walter W. Waters
-many war veterans were out of work due to the Great Depression