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Congress of Racial Equality Founded
- Civil Rights: The rights of citizens to be equal
- They were committed to nonviolent action
- Helped the desegregation in many public facilities
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Jackie Robinson Signed to Brooklyn Dodgers
- Color Line: The "barrier" separating whites and blacks
- Robinson crossed the line when he was signed to the Brooklyn Dodgers
- He faced a lot of racism but in the end lead his team to six league championships and one World Series
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Executive Order 9981
- Segregation: Separating something apart from something else
- Ended segregation in the military
- Became official policy in the armed forces
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Advocates For Black Nationalismo
- Nation of Islam: Religious group also known as 'Black Muslims'
- Malcom X: African-American political leader of the twentieth century
- Blacks established their own businesses, schools, and communities
- He was assassinated for converting to a different form of Islam
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Brown vs Board of Education Ruling
- Thurgood Marshall: The NAACP lead attorney
- 12 parents of black children all got together to argue the case.
- The case brought segregation in schools to a stop.
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
- Boycott: Not doing something as a form of protest
- Rosa Parks: Lady who refused to get up for a white guy on the bus
- Rosa Parks was arrested and it sparked a protest on the buses
- 90% of Blacks refused to ride the bus
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Integration of Central Highschool
- Little Rock Nine: 9 black students who were the first to be integrated into all white schools
- They were attacked and harassed
- Only one of the students didn't finish out the year
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First Lunch Counter Sit-In
- Jim Crow Laws: Jaws that made racial segregation Alright in the south
- Sit-ins: Sitting in a public facility as means of peaceful protesting
- African American college kids went into a Woolsworth everyday for 4 years
- White customers and store owners often attacked the 4 innocent students
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Freedom Rides
- Civil Disobedience: Refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines
- SNCC: Important organization of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s
- A white mob attacked the Freedom Riders
- They were promised protection but the protection arrested them and abused them in jail
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Birmingham Campaign: Letter From a Birmingham Jail
- SCLC: African-American civil rights organization
- People were arrested for marching without a permit
- King wrote a letter saying how black people never got justice
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March on Washington
- NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
- More than 250,000 people marched
- Whites marched aswell
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
- Plessy vs Ferguson: Case that determined separate but equal facilities
- Originally Kennedy's idea but Johnson helped to pass it
- Civil Rights Act banned discrimination
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Voting Rights Act of 1965
- Disenfranchise: Taking away someones right to vote
- Took away literacy tests and other ways used to deny African Americans the right to vote
- The number of voters increased drastically
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Black Panther Party Founded
- Black Power: Movement in support of rights and political power for black people
- Group founded to help the Civil Rights cause
- Provided services to the black communities like meals and medical aid
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Watts Riot
- Kerner Commission: Refers to the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders
- Ghettos: A place that only houses on race of people
- 34 people died, almost 900 were injured, and nearly 4,000 were arrested
- Was a riot caused by frustrations about poverty, prejudice, and police mistreatment
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Civil Rights Act of 1968
- Discrimination: Unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things
- Banned discrimination in housing sales and rentals
- Gave the federal government the authority to file lawsuits against those who violated the law.
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Swann vs Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Education
- Desegregation: The ending of segregation
- Many children lived in all white or all black neighborhoods -People were bused outside of their neighborhood schools to other schools to mix them racially equal
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Regents of the University of California vs Bakke
- Affirmative Action: Policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination
- The judges were half and half on deciding
- Bakke was let into the school because the ruling stated that race should have noting to do with submissions
