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The Black Death ravages Europe for the first time. By changing the economic situation, the devastating disease helps lay the preconditions for Renaissance: spare money to invest in display.
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Death of Petrarch, a man called the father of the renaissance (although that might be overstating things). He is a genius.
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Ghiberti awarded commission to create doors for the baptistery of San Giovanni in Florence. Brunelleschi and Donatello travel to Rome; birth of painter Masaccio.
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many Greek thinkers and works travel westward, seen as a moment of massive cultural transfer between east and west; end of hundred years war; stability returns to northwest Europe. This was a big War for the renaissance.
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Leonardo DI Vinci made the last supper. portuguese sailors led by Vasco de Gama reach India.
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The Battle of Lepanto in 1571 was important. It was important because nothing was gained and it showed that Philip did not really have best judgement.Philip II, was King of Spain.
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The Spanish Armada in 1588 against England did not go as planned. Philip II was married to Marry of England. When she died he lost power England. As he tried to gain it back he failed to get the land back.
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was a important war. It challenged the power to the absolute monarch.
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Oliver Cromwell tragically died. leaving England ruler less.
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At an early age, 10 years old peter the great came to throne as "czar" of Russia January 1st 1682. peter died in 1725.
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Mary Astell wrote Serious Proposal to the Ladies. This stated that women needed to become better educated.
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Thomas Newcomen invents the first steam engine. It is very useful yet, but the idea of using steam to make machines go will be important to the Industrial Revolution.
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Montesquieu published Persiam Letters. Reason used to liberate the mind.
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Diderot published The Encyclopedia. It was considered the most important work of his lifetime.
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Rousseau published The Social Contract, Emile. Attempt to unite the liberty of the individual with the authority of the government.
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James Hargreaves, a British carpenter and weaver, invents the spinning jenny. The machine spins more than one ball of yarn or theard at a time , making it easier and faster to make cloth.
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Holbach published Systems of Nature. Stated that the universe is made up of matter and motion.
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The first shots of the Revolutionary war are fired at Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts. The news of the bloodshed rockets along the eastern seaboard, and thousands of volunteers converge on Cambridge, Mass. These are the beginnings of the Continental Army.
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A force of loyalists, most of them of Scots descent, is defeated by a patriot army at the battle of moores creek bridge. This setback will largely quiet loyalist activity in the Carolines for three years.
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General John Burgoyne's attempt to separate the rebellious New England colonies from those farther south ends in a spectacular failure. The surrender of 6,000 British regulars at Saratoga will shock London and help induce France to enter the war on the American side.
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With the British occupying Philadelphia just 20 miles away, the Continental Army enters winter quarters at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. During the winter, supply arrangements will be improved and the Continental troops will be drilled and emerge as a more disciplined, unified fighting force.
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A convention of states in Philadelphia proposes the Constitution to replace the much looser central government operating under the Articles of Confederation. With amendments, the constitution remains the framework of government in the U.S.
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July 9, 1789, was a revolutionary assembly formed by the representatives of the Third Estate. Is a lower power of the house.
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resolves not to disband until it has written a constitution. they moved to a nearby indoor tennis court.
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Bastille was stormed and taken by a Paris mob. It happened at prison.
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Peasants attack noble manors. The storming of Bastille caused the great fear.
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France declares war on Austria and Prussia. French army stops Prussians and Austrians at Valmy (Belgium).
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Napoleon took over French "Army of Italy," drove the Austrians and Sardinians out of Piedmont, defeated the Papal States, and occupied Venice. This was his first major victory.
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Battle of Austerlitz, where napoleon defeated the Third Coalition. Was one of the brilliant battles.
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After the battle of Friedland, where Napoleon defeated the Russians. Russia ceded 50% of Prussian territory to France.
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Napoleon's army regrouped in German territory. Suffering a decisive defeat in the Battle of the Nations.
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Landing in southern France and marching towards Paris. Gathering an army around him as he went.
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After 13 years of construction, the Brooklyn Bridge is finished in New York City. At the time , it was the longest suspension bridge in the world.
