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Lifetime of Lucy
- 4,000,000 years ago
- can walk on 2 feets, bipeds
- has teeth, eats both meats and vegetables (omnivores), healthy
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Homo Habilis
- 2,000,000 years ago
- bigger brains
- can make tools & get more food
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Homo Erectus
- 1.8 million years ago
- bigger brains than homo habilis
- make way better tools
- can stand taller
- gaining control of fire, making fire
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Homo Sapiens (neanderthalensis)
- aprox. 500,000 years ago
- bury their members, care about each other, start learning about medicines
- way bigger brains
- tools much more sophisticated
- bipeds
- work and stay in groups
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Homo Sapiens Sapiens
- modern humans
- bigger,bigger brains
- way better tools, ax
- master making fire
- develop the ability to talk, communications, cave paintings
- agriculture
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Rise of the Kindom of Sumer
- approx. 2900 BCE
- a civilization is a group of people living and working together
- the 7 characteristic of a civiliation are government, social structure, religion, writing, technology, stable food supply, culture
- Sumer was located in Mesopotamia
- some major geographic features of Sumer were the Tigeris and Euphrates river
- the government structured by kings, priests, etc. (social structure)
- the Sumerians achieved the invention of writing
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The Epic of Gilgamesh
- exact date of writing unknown; best copies discovered in a 7th century BCE royal library
- the story of Gilgamesh features many different and awesome adventures and the secret to stay eternal for life
- Gilgamesh was the king of Uruk
- since his father, Lugalbunda, was a human and his mother Ninsun, was a goddess, Gilgamesh is immortal half human half god
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Abraham
-approx. 1900 BCE
- Abraham lived in Ur, a city in mesopotamia
- Abraham is the one God commanded to leave his house and go to Israel.
- He was told by God to sacrifice for his son and he did
- His wife Sarah couldn't have a baby until she was an elderly and then they named him Isaac who had a son called Jacob who had 12 sons which became the Twelve tribes of Israel -
Hammurabi's Code
- 1792-1750 BCE
- Hammurabi is the king of Babylon also a city in Mesopotamia
- He also lived in Babylon
- The gods were the one who told him that he was the next king in line to rule Babylon, and so as a king he created a political system, which are filled with laws and rules
- Some of the laws were - Law 196: If a man has knocked out the eye of a free man, his eye shall be knocked out.
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Joseph goes to Egypt and the Israelites follow
- approx. 1700-1820 BCE
- Joseph was one of the sons of Jacob who is the grandson of Ambraham
- He went to Egypt simply because his own brothers sold him to slavery. His brothers were jealous that Joseph was Jacob's favorite son.
- While Joseph was at Egypt as a slave, he was told to interpret Pharaoh's dream. He did and he did so well that he named as prime minister.
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Moses, the Exodus from Egypt, and the Ten Commandments
- approx. 12080-1240 BCE
- Moses was going to be one of the male Jewish babies that would get killed, but his mom putted him in a basket and send him away down the river.Then he was found and raised by Pharaoh's daughter.
- Moses was important because God told him to tell Pharaoh: "Let my people go." Pharaoh didn't agree to it.
- The Ten Commandments are moral laws for humanity. God send them the Ten commandments on two stone tablets.
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The time of the Judges/ The time before Kings
- approx. the middle of the 13th century to the middle of the 11th century BCE Deborah:
- the only female judge
- Resposibility is to talk to God and to recruit Barak and other people to fight against Sisera
- most famous for recruiting people to go fight Sisera
- some obstacles were trying to convince people to fight Ruth:
- very poor
- becomes great-grandmother of King David
- gleaning
- use to be one of Naomi's son's wife, but then he died
- obstacles were going to Israel, becoming poor
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The Reign of David
- approx. 1013- 973 BCE
- David was a shepherd
- he faught against Goliath and won
- he became king
- obstacles were working as a shepherd, trying to escape from King Saul
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Elijah
- approx. 875-853 BCE
- Eljah was a prophet of God
- his resposibilities were to try to make people believe that God is the real GOD and not Baal
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Siege of Lachish
- 701 BCE
- about a war between Sennacherib, ruler of the great Assyrian empire, and the king of Judah, Hezekah
- refugees existed in one of the earliest depiction or relief
- before the war, Sennacherib had a Lachish campaign, which was a developed strong army to get ready for war
- Sennacherib was assassinated by 2 of his sons, then another of his sons took over his role
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Siege of Jerusalem
- 587 BCE
- people like to fight against the opponents who have a greater power
- Zedekiah's sons was mudered in front of them
- taken over by extremely hard kings
- cities were destroyed
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Indus Valley civilization
-2000 BCE
- the city, MohenjoDaro, was found in 1921
- the city, Harappi, was found in 1922
- architectures found artifacts such as a huge water tank in the center of a temple.
- they also found terra-cotta figurines that depicts pregnant women, "mother goddesses"
- the Indus love the design of the bull because it represented virility
- they are agricultural people and they live on the banks of the Indus river. -
The Aryan invasion and the Vedas
-1700 BCE
-the Aryans traveled through Europe and Asia, and they cam from the Hindu Kush and the Himalayas
- they brought a different belief system with them
- Aryans only believe in male gods
- they invented bronze weapons
- With the Aryans there are also the Vedas and they created the oldest writing such as the Rig-Veda.
- The Aryans invented the language Sanskrit -
The Ascetics and the Upanishads
- 700-500 BCE
- the ascetics lived in an more independent way of a religious life
- they also helped the Aryans gain independence from the priests
- they made people live lives of severe devotion and meditation
- "The Upanishads" was a story writtened byt he ascetics.
- it was about fire rituals that are metaphors to devotion