huma1520 Lecture 7: China in civil war (1946-1949); Japan under U.S. occupation (1945-1952)
By yomaru_1999
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First Chinese Civil War
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Encirclement campaigns 江西剿共戰爭
Encirclement campaigns were the campaigns launched by forces of the Chinese Nationalist Government against forces of the Communist Party of China during the early stage of the Chinese Civil War.
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World War II
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Potsdam Declaration
It was a statement that called for the surrender of all Japanese armed forces during World War II. On July 26, 1945, United States President Harry S. Truman, United Kingdom Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and President of China Chiang Kai-shek issued the document, which outlined the terms of surrender for the Empire of Japan, as agreed upon at the Potsdam Conference. The ultimatum stated that, if Japan did not surrender, it would face "prompt and utter destruction." -
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Second Chinese Civil War
The Chinese Communist Revolution, known in the mainland China as the War of Liberation, was the conflict, led by the Communist Party of China and Chairman Mao Zedong, that resulted in the proclamation of the People's Republic of China, on 1 October 1949. The revolution began in 1946 after the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–45) and was the second part of the Chinese Civil War (1945–49). wiki -
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Humanity Declaration
is an imperial rescript issued by the Emperor Shōwa as part of a New Year's statement. In the rescript, which started with his citation of the Five Charter Oath of 1868, the Emperor denied the concept of his being a living god, which would eventually lead to the promulgation of the new Constitution, under which the Emperor is "the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people".
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February 28 incident
The February 28 incident was an anti-government uprising in Taiwan that was violently suppressed by the Kuomintang-led Republic of China government. The number of Taiwanese deaths from the incident and massacre was estimated to be between 5,000 and 28,000. The massacre marked the beginning of the White Terror. The incident is an important events in Taiwan's modern history and was a critical impetus for the Taiwan independence movement.
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Constitution of Japan
It was drafted under the supervision of Douglas MacArthur during the Allied occupation of Japan after WWII. Japanese scholars reviewed it before adoption. It changed previous totalitarian system of quasi-absolute monarchy and stratocracy with a form of parliamentary monarchy and liberal democracy. The Constitution is best known for Article 9, by which Japan renounces its right to wage war; and to a lesser extent, the provision for de jure popular sovereignty in conjunction with the monarchy. -
Battle of Guningtou
It was a battle fought over Kinmen in the Taiwan Strait during the Chinese Civil War in 1949. The failure of the Communists to take the island left it in the hands of the Kuomintang (Nationalists) and crushed their chances of taking Taiwan to destroy the Nationalists completely in the war.
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Retreat of the Republic of China to Taiwan
It refers to the exodus of the remnants of the internationally recognized Kuomintang-ruled government of the Republic of China to the island of Taiwan in December 1949 toward the end of active battles in the Chinese Civil War. The Kuomintang, its officers and around 2 million troops took part in the retreat; in addition to many civilians and refugees, fleeing the advance of the Communist People's Liberation Army.
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Korean War
The Korean War was a war between North Korea (with the support of China and the Soviet Union) and South Korea (with the support of the United Nations, principally from the United States). The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following clashes along the border and insurrections in the south. The war ended unofficially on 27 July 1953 in an armistice.
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Treaty of San Francisco
It re-established peaceful relations between Japan and the Allied Powers on behalf of the United Nations by ending the legal state of war and providing for redress for hostile actions up to and including World War II. It came into force on 28 April 1952, and legally ended the American-led Allied occupation of Japan. In Article 11, Japan accepts the judgments of International Military Tribunal for the Far East and of other Allied War Crimes Courts imposed on Japan both within and outside Japan.
