huma1520 lecture 4 timeline - China's intellectual awakening and rising nationalism

[China] Xinhai Revolution, the Qing Dynasty was overthrown

1911

In the city of Wuchang, a bomb accidentally exploded in the headquarters of a revolutionary group. When the police came to investigate, they found lists of the revolutionaries. Once the police set out to arrest those listed, the army officers staged a coup. The local officials fled, and the army took over the city in less than a day. The revolutionaries then telegraphed the other provinces asking them to declare their independence. Within six weeks, fifteen provinces had seceded. 辛亥革命

[China] Last Qing emperor abdicated

1912

In February 1912, the last Qing emperor abdicated, and in March Yuan Shikai took over as president. As a mark of solidarity with the revolutionaries, men cut off their queues, the symbol of their subordination to the Manchus.

First issue of New Youth

1915

In the first issue of New Youth in 1915, Chen challenged the long-standing Confucian value of deference toward elders. Youth, he asserted, was worth celebrating: “Youth is like early spring, like rising sun, like the trees and grass in bud, like a newly sharpened blade.” He urged his readers not to waste their “fleeting time in arguing with the older generation on this and that, hoping for them to be reborn and remodeled.” They should think for themselves and not let the old contaminate them.

[Soviet Union] Russian Revolution

Period: 1917 to 1922

The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social revolution across the territory of the Russian Empire, commencing with the abolition of the monarchy in 1917 and concluding in 1922 with the Bolshevik establishment of the Soviet Union at the end of the Civil War. wiki

[Korea] March First Movement

1919

The March 1st Movement was a protest movement by Korean people and students calling for independence from Japan, and protesting forced assimilation into the Japanese way of life. 33 Korean cultural and religious leaders issued a proclamation, supported by thousands of students and civilians in Seoul. There were over 1000 demonstrations in many other cities. They were brutally suppressed, killed, wounded and arrested. wiki

[China] May Fourth Movement

1919

The May Fourth Movement was an anti-imperialist, cultural, and political movement which grew out of student protests in Beijing on 4 May 1919. Many radical, political, and social leaders of the next five decades emerged at this time. In a broader sense, the term "May Fourth Movement" is sometimes used to refer to the period during 1915–1921 more often called the "New Culture Movement". wiki

[China] Treaty of Versailles

1919

This treaty was the most important of the peace treaties that brought WWI to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. The weak response of Chinese government to this treaty trigger the anger of students in China and later May Fourth Movement. wiki

The nationalist party under Sun Yatsen built a base in GuangDong

1920

The Nine Power Treaty

Feb 6, 1922

The Nine-Power Treaty was a 1922 treaty affirming the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of China as per the Open Door Policy. The Nine-Power Treaty was signed on 6 February 1922 by all of the attendees to the Washington Naval Conference: the United States, Belgium, China, France, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, and Portugal. wiki

Chiang Kai Shek visited Soviet Union

1923

蔣中正考察蘇聯

[China] Northern Expedition

Period: 1926 to Jun 6, 1927

Although the dynasty handed over its armies to the republican government under Yuan Shikai, military unity was soon lost, and regional armies and warlords competed to secure bases. In the 1920s, the Nationalist Party under Sun Yatsen built a base in Guangdong, and in 1926 launched the Northern Expedition, which reunified the country. wiki

[China] Nanking incident of 1927

1927

Foreign warships bombarded the city to defend foreign residents against rioting and looting. Several ships were involved in the engagement, including vessels of the Royal Navy and the United States Navy. Marines and sailors were also landed for rescue operations. Both Nationalist and Communist soldiers within the NRA participated in the rioting and looting of foreign-owned property in Nanjing. (wiki)[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanking_incident_of_1927]

[China] Second sino-japanese war

Period: 1937 to 1945

The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict that was primarily waged between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. The war is known as the oriental theatre of the World Anti-Fascist War, the latter term originating from Mao Zedong's wartime alliance with Stalin. The war made up the Chinese theater of the wider Pacific Theater of the Second World War. wiki

World War II

Period: 1939 to 1945

wiki

Chinese Civil war

Period: 1947 to 1949

The Chinese Civil War was a civil war in China fought between the Kuomintang (KMT)-led government of the Republic of China (ROC) and forces of the Communist Party of China (CPC) lasting intermittently between 1927 and 1949. wiki