How did Rome go from monarchy, to republic, to empire and then fall?

Founding of Ancient Rome

509 BCE

According to ancient texts, we can discover that Rome was founded on April 21 753 BCE after Romulus defeated Reumes. According to the legends it was said that the Etruscans ruled the Romans during 509 BCE in which during that time the Etruscans organized them to fight alongside the Greeks as Phalanx. Through this, they eventually created new forms of military Organization and tactics that would Defeat the Greeks themselves.

The Celts

386 BCE

During 450 BCE the Celts were rapidly expanding across Europe and adopted new technologies such as Chariot warfare and by about 400 BCE they began to raid civilized lands of Rome sacking them in about 386 BCE. The Romans saw them as barbarians who were capable of at least adopting "True" civilization from the Romans and later the Descendants of conquered Celts considered themselves to be Romans and thus The Republic was formed.

Notes the Plebs

360 BCE

In Rome however, there were many disputes one being the Conflict of Orders which took place in 360 BCE this is a time were the plebeians struggled to get more political representation and soon in 494 BCE they threatened to leave Rome chich would render Rome defenseless. and by about 287 BCE things changed and the Plebeian assembly was formed and they had the power to pass legislation to. This was a good conflict for the Romans to resolve because if they didn't their empire could have fallen.

The 1st Punic Wars.

264 BCE

In 264 BCE conflict broke out in Sicily which was one of the most important areas for Greek colonization. It was between Syracuse and Messina this is important to include because the Messians called for help from the role. And Rome saw this as an opportunity to expand its Roman power in Sicily. This initiated the First of 3 punic wars which lasted from 264 to 241 BCE. The Romans suffered many defeats but were so rich that they kept going.

Friend or Foe?

235 BCE

It was noted in the texts that a key moment during Rome expansion was in 338 BCE when Roam had defeated its erstwhile allies in the Latin League. I put this in the timeline because Rome didn't punish the cities after they defeated them they instead offered them citizenship in its republic in return for the pledge of their loyalty this meant that with every victory Rome could expand its military might and the Latin cities saw that to. Soon they expanded to encompass all of Italy except the south.

Second Punic war

207 BCE

They went so far as to betray them and seized the islands of Corsica and Sardina territories that were still under the Carthage control. These islands became provinces but because of this Carthaginians wanted revenge and in 218 BCE the Great Carthaginian general Hannibal launched a surprise attack in Spain against Rome which of course led to the second Punic war in which he destroyed every roman force that tried to stop him.

Third Punic war

149 BCE

During the third Punic war in 149 BCE Carthage was defeated leading to a brutal sacking of the city. They did win however the Romans suffered many losses. I would say this is the point where the Romans made a comeback. They won this war after Scipio the Younger captured and destroyed the city of Carthage turning Africa into another one of the Provide of Rome.