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Period: Jan 1, 600 to
600-1800
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641
Siege of Alexandria
marked the complete fall of Egypt and North Africa to the Muslim Caliphate -
661
Brief Islamic Civil War
The time of when the Rashidun Caliphate fell to the Umayyad Caliphate, which then continued the war in Egypt -
700
Ghana Empire
Soninke people called their leader
Ghana or war chief
Muslim traders adopted the term
Ghana to refer to the Soninke
region
Ghana leaders gained wealth and
power by taxing goods traded
through their territory -
709
End of the brief Islamic Civil War
The end of the Civil War, Umayyads came into power over the Rashidun -
800
The East African Slave Trade
In addition to raw materials such as ivory, gold and skins. Muslim merchants exported slaves from East Africa. Muslim traders purchased kidnapped East African slaves in any of the East African trade cities and sent them to markets throughout the Middle East,
India, and as far as China. This approximately lasted 1,000 years. -
1000
Hausa city-states, Yoruba kingdoms, and Benin
City-state – a single city and it’s surrounding are of influence (language) Hausa city-states (1000) – named after the language they spoke. Rulers of each city-state held great power but were checked by other officials, Yoruba Kingdoms and Benin were one of these city-states. -
1040
Rise of the Almoravids
Berber group who emerged in the
Western Maghreb in 1040 and
developed strong Islamic faith
under the teachings of Ibn Yasin -
1050
Rise of Great Zimbabwe
The city of Great Zimbabwe controlled the trade route linking the gold fields with the coastal trading city of Sofala. Leaders taxed this and other trade routes turning Great Zimbabwe into the thriving
cultural center of it’s empire. -
1076
Fall of Ghana Empire
Falls to the Almoravids -
1121
Rise of the Almohad Caliphate
Began as a religious movement in
the Atlas Mountains of Morocco
under the teachings of Ibn Tumart
Almohads criticized to Almoravids
for moving away from the
traditional practice of Islam and
stressed a strict interpretation of the
Qur’an and Sharia Law -
1147
Fall of the Almoravids
Fell to the Almohad Caliphate -
1235
Reign of Sundiata
The leader and founder of the Mali Empire -
1255
Death of Sundiata
-
1269
Fall of the Almohad Caliphate
-
1312
Reign of Mansa Musa
Mansa Musa awakened the world to Mali’s Greatness in 1324 when he spent so much gold that he deflated it’s price in Cairo for the next 12 years! -
1324
Mansa Musa takes the Hajj
-
1332
Death of Mansa Musa
-
1420
Rise of the Mutapa Empire
Founded by Prince Nyatsimba
Mutota (1420). Raised an army and expanded through conquest Origin: Conquered people called Mutota mwene mutapa or “master pillager”. Portuguese interference in the early 1500’s mark the beginning of European colonialism. -
1450
Fall of Great Zimbabwe
-
1464
Rise of the Songhai Empire
Broke off of the Mali Empire in mid 15th century, founded by Sunni Ali -
1464
Reign of Sunni Ali
As a skilled military tactician, he built an empire through military conquest professional army made up of river boat war canoes and
cavalry. -
1492
Death of Sunni Ali
-
1493
Reign of Askia the Great
Known as Askia Muhammad, Sunni Ali’s nephew and
one of his generals, challenged the reign of Ali’s son due to his lack of Islamic faith, and drove him out in 1493. The reign of Askia the
Great is known for an improved efficient central government. -
1500
Hausa city-states, Yoruba kingdoms, and Benin fall
-
1500
Fall of the Mutapa Empire
-
1528
Death of Askia the Great
-
Fall of the Songhai Empire
By the 16th century, the Songhai
had fallen behind militarily in 1591, a Moroccan army crossed
the Sahara and defeated the Songhai. The Moroccan army was equipped with gun powder and cannons and the Songhai only with spears and arrows. This marks the end of the 1,000 year period of West African Kingdoms. -
The end of the East African Slave Trade