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Greece
In 470 B.C., Athens emerged to Delian League. This grown to 200 city-states. -
Greece
In 621 B.C.,the first democratic a nobleman Draco took power. He develop a legal code. -
Greece
In 594 B.C., Solon the democratic, made democratic reforms stating:no one person should own another person. This was outlawing slavery at the time. -
Greece
In 750 B.C., a city-state was the fundamental political unit in Ancient Greece. New city-states were joining and appearing. -
Greece
From 1600 to 1100 B.C., Mycenae could withstand from any attack warrior kings surrounded the village and farms.
Strong rulers controlled the area. -
Greece
In 1200 B.C., Trojan war was fought between the mycenaeans and troy. Trojan war lasted 10 years. -
Greece
Homer Methods composed epics and narrative poems, called the Iliad. Made in 700-750 B.C. -
Greece
The Persian War began between the Greek and Persian empire. The persians ended up conquering the area in 546 B.C. -
Greece
The Persian fleet carried 25,000 men across the Aegean Sea and landed northeast of Athens. They were able to spread through exspanion in 490 B.C. -
Greece
In 1200 B.C., Sea riders attacked and burned Mycenaean cities.This made their city-states wekaer adn then easier to invade again. -
Greece
In 725 B.C., Sparta conquered the neighboring region Messenia and took over the land. The Messenians became peasants forced to stay on the land and work. -
Greece
From 600-370 B.C., Sparta had the most powerful army in Greece, the spartan people paid a high price for the military supremacy. -
Rome
When invaders threatened Rome in 494 BC, the plebeians seceded or withdrew, then left Rome. -
Rome
After Crassus died, in 44 B.C., Caesar and Pompey go into a civil war, Caesar wins and got full control over the Republic. The Senate then later declared him as the dictator for life. -
Rome
Around 450 BC, the Plebeians forced the patricians to have all laws written down. -
Rome
The law of the Twelve Tables, this was a thing sometime around 450 BC, was rome's first written law code. The laws protected both the lenders and borrowers. -
Rome
In 256 BC, the Romans had defeated the Etruscans and the Greek Cities in the Southern italy. As the Romans conquered Italy they generally imposed few conditions on their subject peoples. -
Rome
The Etruscans ruled Rome until 509 BC, when the Romans revolted and threw out their last king. -
Rome
Between 246-146BC, the conflict between these two cities eventually grew into a series of three wars. This was called the Punic Wars, they continued on and off for nearly 80 years. -
Rome
Violence broke out between Rome and Carthage in 264 BC, this was the beginning of the First Punic War. -
Rome
Scipio routed Hannibal's forces on the plain of Zama outside Carthage and took the city, ending the Second Punic War in 202 BC. -
Rome
Rome decided to destroy its old enemy for the last time. They declared war for the third time in 149 BC. -
Rome
In 218 BC, the Carthaginian general Hannibal led a well-trained army and a force of war elephants across the Pyrenees and the Alps to invade Italy. For many years Hannibal dominated the Italian country-side, defeating one Roman army after another. -
Rome
In 50 BC, Julius Caesar was one of the most powerful men in the Roman Republic. He was the Governor of the province of Gaul the winner of dozen of battles, a charismatic leader, and a powerful public speaker. -
Rome
In 107 BC, the social unrest reached a new level when a talented military leader name Gaius Marius was elected consul. -
Mesopotamia
Between 3000-2000 BC, the Sumerians city-states went to war multiple times. This formed the role of leadership. -
Mesopotamia
During 2500 BC, Arithmetic, geometry, architectural innovations, and Cuneiform were made by Sumerians. These developed a language and a measurement accuracy. -
Mesopotamia
In 2500 BC, Manny settlers gather and traded ideas within Sumerian city-states. Cultural diffusion helped other cultures to experience new things and improve based on what they learned from others. -
Mesopotamia
In 2500 BC, Sumerian city-states were ruled by dynasties. Leadership kept villages in place, an important part of Sumerian society. -
Mesopotamia
In 2350 BC, Sargon defeated the city states of Sumer. He led an army from Akkad, which was north of sumer. He helped spread the culture and create the first empire. -
Mesopotamia
In 2300 BC, Cuneiform was created by Sumerians. It was written on clay tablets recording events, astronomy, chemistry, and medicine. -
Mesopotamia
In 2150 BC, Sargon’s dynasty came to an end due to violence, invasions, and a famine. It was the end to the first empire. -
Mesopotamia
From 1792-1750 BC, Babylonian empire came to its end during the rise of Hammurabi. Hammurabi was well known for creating his code of laws. He created 282 code of laws. -
Rome
Pompey, Caesar, Crassus, all took over Rome in 60 BC,The Roman Republic as the First Triumvirate. This meant three men ruled. -
Greece
In 500 B.C.,The athenian leader Cleisthenes, he broke power of the nobility and organized people into 10 groups where they lived on their wealth. -
Greece
In 650 B.C., the Messenians resented Spartans harsh rule.Then they turned themself into a city state. -
Greece
In 1500 B.C., Mycenaean civilization came into contact with the Minoan through seaborne trade. This lead to more trade and expansion of new ideas and products. -
Rome
In 300 Bc, the Romans began to elect magistrates called praetors. Peators could also act for the consuls when the consuls were at war. When Rome began to spread the consuls and praetors were usually given military commands. -
Mesopotamia
In 3300 BC, the Sumerians were introduced as settlers coming for good soil. They created many tools and technology. -
Mesopotamia
In 3300 BC, the Sumerians were faced with many environmental challenges where they were trying to settle. Sumerians had to deal deal with floods or no rain at all and they had no natural resources. -
Mesopotamia
In 3000 BC, the Sumerians built the city states that were the start of civilization: Uruk, Kish, Langash, Umma, and Ur. -
Mesopotamia
In 3000 BC, Wars began to start and the priests were responsible for their own government while military leaders lead the city. Priests and kings were at the highest rank in the social class. -
Mesopotamia
In 2500 BC, Sumerians believed their many gods controlled different forces of nature. To impress them they built ziggurats.Ziggurats were like worshiping temples or a place were place could go and pray. -
Mesopotamia
In 1792 BC, Hammurabi had a code of laws created due to the unsafe village. He used it to unify diverse groups in his empire. These helped keep everyone inline and to help the village and make it a safer palce. -
Mesopotamia
In 1530 BC, Babylonia is conquered by the Kassites. They rule the area for more than 400 years. -
Egypt
In 3000 BC, the Kings, Queens, priests, and wealthy landowners stand above merchants who are above farmers and peasants. -
Egypt
From 2040-1640 BC, the Egyptians created thousands of new acres of farmland by draining the swamps of lower Egypt. They also built huge dikes to trap and channel Nile’s floodwaters for irrigation. -
Egypt
During 1640 BC, the Middle Kingdom was brought to an end. Hyksos moved from Palestine across the Isthmus of Suez into Egypt. -
Egypt
In 3100 BC, the Egyptians developed hieroglyphics. Unlike cuneiform it was written on papyrus reeds. -
Egypt
In 2180 BC, the power of the Pharaohs declined Which marked the end of the Old Kingdom. -
Egypt
During 2040-1640 BC, The Middle Kingdom restored law and order. Egyptians improved trade and transportation by digging a canal from the Nile to the Red Sea. -
Egypt
In 2700 BC, the Egyptians created the calendar with 365 days. They used it to keep track of when to plant according to flooding. -
Egypt
Between 1630-1523 BC, the Hyksos ruled Egypt. They were the “rulers of foreign lands”. -
india
In 2500 BC, Indus Valley filled their streets with buildings made of oven baked bricks. They also developed a plumbing and sewage system. -
Egypt
In 3200 BC, the Villages of Egypt were under control of Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt. They were said to be under the control of Narmer. -
Egypt
In 2700 BC, the Egyptians developed a system of written numbers for counting, adding, and subtraction. They used the system to collect taxes. -
Egypt
In 2600 BC, the Start of the Old Kingdom. Pyramids reflect the strength of Egypt and show the economic strength and technology. -
Egypt
In 2660 BC, the Pharaohs became Egypt's kings and were viewed as gods. This type of government was called theocracy. -
Egypt
In 2500 BC, the Egyptians built pyramids as burial sites for the pharaohs. Egyptians made the advancement of building huge pyramids. -
Egypt
In 2005 BC, the Mentuhotep II gained control of entire country. The agriculture started to advanced. -
Egypt
1100 BC, the Upper and Lower Egypt split. This calls for new ruling. -
India
In 2500 BC, the Indus civilization rose in part of India and Pakistan. It had flat fertile land formed by the Indus and Ganges River. -
India
In 2000 BC, the Indus River brought yearly floods. This caused either too much rain, too little rain, or a perfect balance that was unpredictable. -
India
In 2500 BC, the Indus Valley created an impressive city plan. They laid the city in a precise grid system. -
India
In 7000 BC, People were farming along the Indus River. They were among the first ever. -
India
In 2500 BC, Indus Valley’s largest cities were Kalibangan, Mohenjo-Daro, and Harappa. The civilization was called Harappan civilization. -
India
In 2600 BC, the trading began on the Indus River. They traded with Mesopotamians and brought luxury goods to Sumer. -
India
In 1750 BC, the quality of building in Indus Valley declined. This started the end to Indus civilization. -
India
In 1750 BC, the cities near the river suffered great disasters. Those who survived had no way to farm and died. -
China
In 1700 BC, the higher class people lived in timber framed houses made of straw and clay while the lower class who were peasetns and carfts people, just lived in little huts. -
India
In 2500 B.C., what is now called Pakistan was India’s first created civilization. The first cities were building and first to use brick. started using levees and walls to hold out the water. -
India
By 3200 B.C., the people were farming and improving agriculture in villages by the Indus river. -
India
1500 B.C. Aryans, who were nomadic people, came into the Indus valley and Indian civilizations grow again under the influence of the nomads. -
India
By 3200 B.C., the people were farming and improving agriculture in villages by the Indus river. -
China
1.7 millions years ago, fossil remains of a Homo erectus were found in China. They show settling as far back as 500,000 years. -
China
In 771 BC, the Nomads from the north and west came in to attack the Zhou capital and murder the Zhou monarch. Thier government failed and chaos happened. -
China
In 1027 BC, the Shang Dynasty ended. They built elaborate palaces and tombs that were found and left a lot of information. -
China
In 1027, the Zhou dynasty came in and established their own dynasty. They overthrew the Shang dynasty. -
China
In 1600 BC, the Chinese had their own written language. it didn’t link to their written language. -
China
In 1000 BC, the Zhou brought the Mandate of heaven to power. it chose the leader and became central to the government. -
China
Between 1368-1644 BC, the last Chinese dynasty was the Ming, which lasted from C.E. 1368 to 1644. It was famous for its exquisite arts and crafts. -
China
In 618-907 BC, the literature and arts flourished under the ruling of the Tang Dynasty. -
China
In 551 BC, Confucius was born. He developed 5 relationships to organize China in a time of crisis. -
China
In 221 BC, the Shi Huangdi worked to strengthen China. He ruled harshly -
India
In 2000 BC, the Monsoons dominated India’s climates. They suffered anything from a blowing of dry air to blowing of great moisture and rain. -
India
In 1800 BC, the Harappan created a written language with about 400 symbols. It cannot be deciphered to this day. -
India
In 2500 BC, the people of Indus Valley began laying bricks to build the city. They built earthen walls to keep water out of the city. -
China
In 1700 BC the Shang Dynasty rose. They were the first family of Chinese rulers to leave written records. -
China
In 2000 BC, the settlements began to grow as China's first
new cities. at this time the Chinese first dynasty, the Xia dynasty was first created. -
China
In 581 BC, the grand canal was built. This helped with expansion and trading products. -
China
In 300 BC, the Qin dynasty replaced the Zhou dynasty. It would fall due to a peasant rebel. -
Middle Ages
The mayor of the palace in 719,Charles Martel held more power than the king. Charles Martel extended the Franks’ reign to the
north, south, and east. -
Middle Ages
In 800, Charlemagne traveled to Rome to crush an unruly mob
that had attacked the pope. In gratitude, Pope Leo III crowned him emperor. The coronation was historic. -
Middle Ages
Charles Martel also defeated Muslim raiders from Spain at the Battle of Tours in 732. This battle was highly significant for Christian Europeans. If the Muslims had won, western Europe might have become part of the Muslim Empire. -
Middle Ages
From about 800 to 1000, invasions destroyed the Carolingian Empire. Muslim invaders from the south seized Sicily and raided Italy. In 846, they sacked Rome. Magyar invaders struck from the east. -
Middle Ages
Different dialects developed as new words and phrases became part of everyday speech. By the 800s, French, Spanish, and other Roman based languages had evolved from Latin. The development of various languages mirrored the continued breakup of a once-unified empire. -
Middle Ages
Charlemagne spread Christianity. He reunited western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire. By 800, Charlemagne’s empire was larger than the Byzantine Empire. He had become the most powerful king in western Europe. -
Middle Ages
In 911, two former enemies faced each other in a peace ceremony. Rollo was the head of a Viking army. Rollo and his men had been plundering the rich Seine
River valley for years. -
Middle Ages
Leather saddles and stirrups changed the way warfare was conducted in Europe during the 700s. Both had been developed. The saddle kept a warrior firmly seated on a moving horse. Stirrups enabled him to ride and handle heavier weapons. Without stirrups to brace him, a charging warrior was likely to topple off his own horse. -
Middles ages
Around 520, an Italian monk named Benedict began writing a book describing a strict yet practical set of rules for monasteries. Benedict’s sister, Scholastica headed a convent and adapted the same rules for women. These guidelines became a model for many other religious communities in western Europe. -
Middle Ages
In 590, Gregory I, also called Gregory
the Great, became pope. As head of the Church in Rome, Gregory broadened the authority of the papacy, or pope’s office, beyond its spiritual role. -
Middle Ages
In 731, the Venerable Bede, an English monk, wrote a history of England. Scholars still consider it the best historical work of the early Middle Ages. In the 600s and 700s, monks made beautiful copies of religious writings, decorated with ornate letters and brilliant pictures. -
Middles Ages
By 600, the Church, with the help of Frankish rulers, had converted many Germanic peoples. These new converts had settled in Rome’s former lands. -
Middle Ages
In the years of upheaval between 400 and 600, small Germanic kingdoms replaced Roman provinces. The borders of those kingdoms changed constantly with the fortunes of war. -
Middle Ages
By 511, Clovis had united the Franks
into one kingdom. The strategic alliance between Clovis’s Frankish kingdom and the Church marked the start of a partnership between two powerful forces. -
Middle Ages
Knighthood and the Code of Chivalry Knights were expected to display courage in battle and loyalty to their lord. By the 1100s, the code of chivalry, a complex set of ideals, demanded that a knight fight bravely in defense of three masters.Sons of nobles began training for knighthood at an early age and learned the code of chivalry. At age 7, a boy would be sent off to the castle of another lord. As a page, he waited on his hosts and began to practice fighting skills. At around age 14, the page