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Treaty of Versailles
1919 q
1. Lose Land
2. Lose military
3. Pay back money to winners -
Hyperinflation
Hyperinflation- Prices rising super fast
The price of bread in Germany -
Beerhall Putsch
Hitler attempts to overthrow the German Government in 1923 -
Hitler on Trial
1924
Uses trial to give huge speech further blaming Jews for problems of Germany -
Anne Frank is born
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Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany
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Watershed year
January 1933- Hitler is named Chancellor -
Enabling Act
March 1933-
Basically gives power of decision making of Hitler.
-Within a few months, all other political parties besides the Nazis were eliminated.
-This allowed Hitler to get rid of all his rivals. -
Reichstag Fire
February- 1933
-Hitler blames Communists for fire... -
Period: to
Holocaust
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Kristallnacht
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ghettos
Nazis begin rounding up millions of Jews and confining them to Ghettos. Largest Ghettos were in cities like Warsaw or Lodz in Poland. -
Euthanasia Program Begins
1939- Euthanasia- systematic killing of those Germans whom the Nazis deemed "unworthy of life" because of mental illness or physical disability.
-Eventually, 80,000 people with disabilities will be killed. -
Period: to
World War 2
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1941- First "Death Camp"
First "Death Camp" opens at chelmno (in Central Poland)
Van with small gas chambers in the rear are used. At about the same time, Zyklon B gas is first tested at the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp as a use for mass extermination. This would become the Nazis "preferred method" for the Auschwitz Birkenau and Majdanek camps instead of eliminating Jews with machine guns because gas is easier for the Nazis. -
Wannsee Conference
1942
-Nazis Leaders approve the "FINAL SOLUTION" or plan to EXTERMINATE THE JEWS -
1942-1943: Einsatzgruppen
Einsatzgruppen: Mobile Killing Squads or "action Kommandos" As the army advanced into the Soviet Union, these groups would round up Jews from the newly occupied areas and kill them... usually by shooting. The largest mass- killing by Einsatzgruppen on record was at Babi Yar in Ukraine 33,000 people were killed. By 1942-43, the Nazis moved away from Einsatzgruppen or "Mobile Killing Units" and planned to use death camps. They stopped doing this because it was too hard and messed up of a job . -
Anne Frank's family goes into hiding
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Mr. Dussel moves into the secret annex
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Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
1943-
-Residents smuggled weapons in
-Uprising lasted for about a month
-SS troops arrested and deported residents after the uprising ended. -
Period: to
Camp Rebellions
1943-1944
Prisoners fought back at death camps... Treblinka (Aug. 1943) Sobibor (Oct. 1943).
After stealing weapons from guards, prisoners tried to escape. Most were killed but a few dozen made it out and survived the war.
Auschwitz -Birkenau (1944)
Members of the Sonderkommando working in the Crematorium fought SS guards killing over 70, but all 250 as well as 200 others were killed in response. -
Death Marches
1944-1945
-Allies advancing toward death camps
-Nazis evacuate prisoners, march them into Germany to avoid capture.
-Brutal treatment and harsh conditions along the way -
Secret annex is discovered and captured by Nazis
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Liberation
Camps throughout Europe are liberated by allied forces -
Hitler commits suicide
Hitler commits suicide rather than face capture by the Soviet Red Army. Germany surrenders within a week. -
Liberation of concentration camps
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Anne's death is confirmed to Otto Frank
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Mr. Frank returns to the annex and finds Anne's diary
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Period: to
Nuremberg Trials
The Allies and the International Community put a number of Germans on trial for War Crimes, Crimes Against Peace and Crimes Against Humanity. Majority was guilty and received bad punishments -
Germany had a republic styled government
From 1924-1933 Germany had a republic styled government. The President was a popular war hero named Hindenburg. But his health began to fail him in the early 1930's.