-
Period: to
deterioration in standard of living (eg)
annual rice consumption among Javanese dropped from 115kg to 96kg per head (malnutrition, cheaper alternatives eg maize&potatoes) -
Period: to
Larut Wars (Malaya)
Ghee Hins vs Hai Sans (tin mine disputes); same factor as succession disputes after Sultan Ali's death (need for social stability to protect economic developments) -
Suez canal opening
-
Franco-Prussian War
led to a strong & united Germany -
Agrarian Law (Dutch)
individuals can lease land from the government for up to 75 years -
Sugar Law (Dutch)
abolished compulsory cultivation over 12 years, private individuals & companies established sugar plantations in outer islands -
Period: to
change from Culture system to Liberal policy (Dutch)
- culture: dutch benefitted (forced labour, money), natives suffered (exploited by Dutch eg pay not consummate to dutch profit) 2. liberal: open policy (indonesia opened up to private enterprises, abolished government monopoly over cash crops), exploited locals, low pay
-
Birch sent as first Resident to Perak
not the best candidate: tactless, did not follow own established rules, insensitive to culture, did not speak Malay, no prior experience -
Birch killed
murdered while touring Perak; British use of force to quell resistance led to Perak War -
FMS formed
The Federated Malay States comprised of Perak, Selangor, Pahang, and Negeri Sembilan; centralised administration ensured uniformity; Residential System -
4 railway lines in operation in Malaya
infrastructure development: connectivity and accessibility -
Currency Board (Malaya)
formed to standardise and regulate currencies -
Period: to
Dutch extending control over far-flung areas in Indonesia
more efficient taxation, raise revenue for public projects (57 million guilders to 361 million guilders); under centralised administration impact -
dutch implemented ethical policy
this was to compensate for liberal policy -
Straits Dollar established (Malaya)
boosted trade (as there is now a foreign denomination); more foreign capital and investment into tin mines and rubber plantations -
UFMS formed
The Unfederated Malay States comprised of Perlis, Kelantan, Kedah, Terengganu; under Advisors; did not come under Federal Government in KL -
Dutch set up Volksraad
Volksraad (people's council) advise govt general on local affairs -
centralised administration benefit
more efficient taxation and raised public revenue, 57 million guilders in 1900 to 361 million in 1928 -
Period: to
great depression
-
creation of a dual society
severl major cities eg yogyakarta, batavia, sumatra had populations of >100,000 people -
dutch devalued currency